Armenia is a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). Its GPA commitments include full coverage of computer and related services (CPC 84). However, Armenia’s commitments do not cover other service sectors that are particularly relevant for digital trade. In particular, the country covers only part of the activities falling under CPC 752 (telecommunications services) and does not cover CPC 754 (telecommunications-related services).

The legal framework regulating foreign investment in Armenia is set out in the Law of the Republic of Armenia on Foreign Investments. Under Art. 6, foreign investments must not be treated less favourably than the property, property rights, and investment activities of citizens, enterprises, institutions, and organisations of Armenia. Art. 6.3 provides that, for national security reasons, the Republic of Armenia may specify areas in which the activities of foreign investors and enterprises with foreign participation are restricted or prohibited. Nevertheless, Armenia is reported to impose few restrictions on foreign control, and foreign nationals face no limitations on acquiring, establishing, or disposing of business interests in the country, while business registration procedures are generally straightforward.

Armenia is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

It is reported that the Eurasian Economic Union, which includes Armenia, imposed definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of aluminium strip (HS code subheadings 7606.11.91.00, 7606.12.20.09 and 7606.12.92.09) originating in Azerbaijan and China on 24 October 2020. The duty rate applicable to imports from Azerbaijan was set at 16.18%, while the corresponding rate for imports from China was established at 13.14%. On 17 October 2025, the Eurasian Economic Union published a notice extending the application of these definitive duties until 29 June 2026. These products are used to manufacture components for ICT goods, including heat sinks, printed circuit boards (PCBs), charging cables, HDMI cables, and displays.

Tendering processes in the country are reportedly characterised by a lack of transparency. Companies consider the efforts of the Competition Protection Commission (CPC) alone to be insufficient to ensure a level playing field, emphasising the need for improvements across other state institutions and authorities that support competition, including those responsible for public procurement. Stakeholders report that the time allowed for preparing bids following the announcement of a tender is often limited, and that documentation requirements, particularly those involving translations, can be burdensome for companies operating outside Armenia.
It is reported that although the law establishes a preference for open tendering in procurement processes, this approach has been used relatively infrequently in recent years, with greater reliance placed on framework agreements and negotiation procedures without prior announcement.

According to Australia's de minimis rule, goods with a value of up to AUD 1.000 (approx. 650 USD) are exempt from taxes and duties collected by customs. This is above the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

Pursuant to Section 1.5.2 of the .au Domain Administration Rules, a person may apply to register a ".au" domain name licence, provided that the domain name is available and the applicant satisfies the Australian presence requirement. For these purposes, “Australian presence” includes: (i) an individual who is ordinarily resident in Australia and is either an Australian citizen or the holder of a permanent resident visa; (ii) a company registered under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth); (iii) an incorporated association established under State or Territory legislation; among other eligible entities.

The Competition and Consumer Act 2010 provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions. The Act provides a set of guarantees for all Australian consumers when they purchase certain goods or services from Australian retailers, whether physical or online. In addition, electronic signatures are regulated and permitted under the Electronic Transactions Act 1999 (Section 10).

Australia has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Australia has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Australia has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

Under the Telecommunications (Service Provider — Identity Checks for Prepaid Mobile Carriage Services) Determination 2017, telecommunications companies must identify their customers when customers activate a prepaid mobile service. According to Part 4 of the law, to activate a new prepaid mobile service, customers must provide their telecommunication company with their name, date of birth, and home address (or business name and address if acting on behalf of a business). Proof of ID is also necessary.

Australia enacted an Online Safety Act that places additional responsibilities on digital platforms and internet service providers (ISPs) to monitor and remove harmful content posted on their services. Specifically, the Act reduces the time a site owner or ISP has to remove harmful content from 48 hours to 24 hours after receiving a removal notice from the eSafety Commissioner. It also provides the eSafety Commissioner with additional information collection powers and the power to require ISPs to disable access to material depicting violent conduct for a limited period during “crisis situations.”
Pursuant to Sections 19–21 of the Online Safety (Relevant Electronic Services—Class 1A and Class 1B Material) Industry Standard 2024 and Sections 20–22 of the Online Safety (Designated Internet Services—Class 1A and Class 1B Material) Industry Standard 2024, providers of “relevant electronic services” and “designated internet services”, as defined in Sections 13A and 14 of the Online Safety Act, are required to implement “appropriate systems, appropriate processes and appropriate technologies” to detect and identify specified categories of illegal content. This obligation applies in particular to known child sexual abuse material and known pro-terror material where such content is stored on the service, accessible to an end-user in Australia, or has been accessed or distributed in Australia through the service. The Standards further require providers to remove such material as soon as practicable.

Pursuant to Section 13 of the Customs (Prohibited Exports) Regulations 1958, the export of goods listed in the Defence and Strategic Goods List (DSGL), as well as goods incorporating DSGL technology, is prohibited unless prior authorisation is granted by the Minister for Defence. The applicable application procedure is set out in Regulation 13EB.
The 2024 DSGL defines the current scope of goods subject to export controls. It encompasses a wide range of items organised into nine categories, including electronics, computers, telecommunications, and information security.