Database

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PHILIPPINES

Since April 1997
Since December 2015

Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods  |  Indicator Participation in the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and 2015 expansion (ITA II)
Information Technology Agreement (ITA)

ITA Expansion Agreement (ITA II)
The Philippines is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996 and its 2015 expansion (ITA II).
Coverage ICT goods

PHILIPPINES

Since February 2025

Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Exclusion from public procurement
The Implementing Rules and Regulations of the New Government Procurement Act (Republic Act No. 12009)
Section 52.4.1 of "The Implementing Rules and Regulations of the New Government Procurement Act" stipulates that the following entities are eligible to participate in the bidding process for the supply of goods: (a) duly licensed Filipino citizens or sole proprietorships; (b) partnerships duly constituted under Philippine law, of which at least 60% of the ownership interest is held by Filipino citizens; (c) corporations duly organised under Philippine law, with at least 60% of the outstanding capital stock owned by Filipino citizens; (d) cooperatives duly organised pursuant to Philippine law; and (e) joint ventures, defined as associations of two or more persons or entities undertaking joint and several liability for a specific contract, provided that Filipino ownership or interest therein is not less than 60%, such ownership being determined on the basis of the respective contributions of the joint venture partners as set out in their agreement, and further provided that each member’s primary business purpose is similar or related to the requirements of the project to be procured. Foreign bidders may likewise be deemed eligible, subject to the guidelines issued by the Government Procurement Policy Board, where participation is authorised under a treaty or international or executive agreement; where the foreign entity’s home jurisdiction affords reciprocal rights or privileges to Filipino individuals or entities; where the goods sought are unavailable from domestic suppliers; or where such participation is necessary to prevent circumstances that undermine competition or restrain trade.
Coverage Horizontal

SINGAPORE

Since January 2003
Since November 2007, last amended in October 2025

Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Export restrictions on ICT goods or online services
Strategic Goods (Control) Act 2002

Strategic Goods (Control) Order
Singapore applies export controls on certain ICT-related goods, software, and technology under the Strategic Goods (Control) Act 2002 and the Strategic Goods (Control) Order 2025. Under Art. 5(1), a person must not export any strategic goods or transmit any strategic goods technology, unless authorised by a permit. The current control list is set out in the Strategic Goods (Control) Order 2025. Under Section 2 of the Order, the goods and technology specified in the Schedule are strategic goods and strategic goods technology for the purposes of the Act. The Schedule includes ICT-relevant dual-use categories, particularly electronics (Category 3), computers (Category 4), and telecommunications (Category 5, Part 1).
Furthermore, since March 2022, Singapore has implemented a more restrictive export-control regime regarding Russia. The measure was implemented through the Regulation of Imports and Exports (Amendment) Regulations 2022, which amended the Regulation of Imports and Exports Regulations by inserting the Eighth Schedule. This Russia-specific regime builds on the strategic goods control framework by prohibiting exports to Russia of all military goods and selected dual-use goods, including the ICT-relevant categories already covered by the Strategic Goods Control List, such as electronics, computers, and telecommunications.
Coverage Strategic goods, including telecom equipment and software

SINGAPORE

Reported in 2021, last reported in 2025

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Self-certification for product safety
Supplier Declaration of Conformity allowed for foreign businesses
Singapore's Infocomm Development Authority accepts registrations for many types of telecommunications and radio equipment, though registration is voluntary for some categories. The company filing the registration must be a local company with a valid IMDA dealer's license. Registrations are typically based on foreign standard test reports to declare conformity to IMDA's technical standards. IMDA also accepts equipment certification by local or foreign certification bodies recognised by IMDA under a phase II mutual recognition arrangement.
The Singapore Accreditation Council (SAC) works closely with other international bodies on Mutual Recognition Arrangements (MRAs) to allow signatories to mutually recognise reports and certificates issued by accredited Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs) as equivalent to their own standards.
Coverage Electronic and telecom products

SINGAPORE

Reported in 2021, last reported in 2025

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
De minimis threshold
It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 290, above the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).
Coverage Horizontal

SINGAPORE

Since May 2012, last amended in March 2024

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Restrictions on domain names
Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Rules of Registration
Under Section 8.1 of the Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Rules of Registration, foreign applicants for ".sg " domain names must appoint and duly authorise a local agent as their administrative contact.
Coverage Horizontal

SINGAPORE

Since March 2004, last amended in February 2025

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act
The Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions.
Coverage Horizontal

SINGAPORE

Signed in 2006, entry into force in March 2013

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Singapore has signed and ratified the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal

SINGAPORE

Since July 2010, last amended in January 2025

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Electronic Transactions Act
Singapore enacted the Electronic Transactions Act, drawing upon the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal

SINGAPORE

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Singapore has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal

SINGAPORE

Reported in 2022, last reported in 2025

Pillar Content access  |  Indicator Blocking or filtering of commercial web content
Blocking of commercial web content
Singapore has used access-blocking orders under Art. 11 of the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 (POFMA) to restrict access to online news and publication websites following non-compliance with correction directions.
It is reported that in June 2023, the Minister for Communications and Information directed the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) to issue access-blocking orders against Asia Sentinel after the website failed to comply with a POFMA correction direction regarding an article published in May 2023. The blocking orders required internet access service providers to disable access to the website for users in Singapore.
In January 2025, the Ministry of Digital Development and Information similarly directed IMDA to block access to East Asia Forum after it failed to comply with a POFMA correction direction. In addition, in November 2025, access-blocking orders were also issued against Malaysia Now following non-compliance with a correction direction, with the Ministry confirming that IMDA had been directed to block access to the website for users in Singapore.
Coverage Websites

SINGAPORE

Since October 1994, last amended in September 2024
Since July 1996, as amended in June 2013

Pillar Content access  |  Indicator Licensing schemes for digital services and applications
Broadcasting Act 1994

Broadcasting (Class Licence) Notification
Singapore applies an individual licensing scheme for online news sites under the Online News Licensing Scheme (ONLS), based on the Broadcasting Act 1994 and the Broadcasting (Class Licence) Notification. Online news sites are individually licensed if they report at least one article per week on Singapore news and current affairs over a two-month period and receive at least 50,000 unique IP addresses from Singapore each month over the same period. Once the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) assesses that a site meets these criteria, it issues a formal notification requiring the site to move to the individual licensing framework. Licensed sites must provide a SGD 50,000 (approx. USD 40,000) performance bond and may be required to remove content that breaches content standards within 24 hours of a regulator's notification.
Coverage Online news websites

SINGAPORE

Since October 1994, last amended in September 2024

Pillar Content access  |  Indicator Licensing schemes for digital services and applications
Broadcasting Act 1994
Singapore applies ex ante licensing requirements for certain digital services. For audiovisual digital services, Art. 8 of the Broadcasting Act 1994 requires licensable broadcasting services provided in or from Singapore to be licensed by the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA), with licence terms and conditions determined by the Authority. On this basis, operators providing internet-transmitted television services, including OTT television and video-on-demand services, in or from Singapore may require a Niche Television Service Licence and must comply with the Content Code for Over-the-Top (OTT), Video-on-Demand (VOD) and Niche Services.
Coverage Over-the-Top (OTT) services and Video on Demand (VOD) services

SINGAPORE

Since April 2000
Since May 2019

Pillar Content access  |  Indicator Licensing schemes for digital services and applications
Telecommunications (Class Licences) Regulations

IMDA Guidelines for Submission of Application for Services-Based Operations Licence
Under Reg. 3 of the Telecommunications (Class Licences) Regulations, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) may grant class licences for the provision of services-based telecommunications services. The Services-Based Operations (SBO) licensing framework covers operators that lease telecommunications network elements to provide their own telecommunications services, or resell telecommunications services to third parties. According to IMDA’s Guidelines for Submission of Application for Services-Based Operations Licence, Virtual Private Network (VPN) services are expressly included among the services requiring an SBO (Individual) Licence.
Coverage VPN services

SINGAPORE

Since April 2003, last amended in September 2023

Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Telecommunications (Dealers) Regulations
Under the Telecommunications (Dealers) Regulations, Singapore regulates the import of telecommunication equipment. Importers require a Telecommunication Dealer’s Licence issued by the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA), as well as an import permit from Singapore Customs, which must be obtained through TradeNet before the goods arrive in Singapore. The requirement applies to telecommunication equipment generally, including mobile phones and other equipment covered by relevant AHTN/HS codes, and is not limited to HS code 8517.
A Telecommunication Dealer’s Class Licence holder may import registered or approved telecommunication equipment and equipment listed in the First Schedule of the Regulations. A Telecommunication Dealer’s Individual Licence holder may also import non-registered telecommunication equipment for re-export purposes. Under Reg. 11 and the Third Schedule, prohibited telecommunication equipment, including scanning receivers, military communication equipment, telephone voice-changing equipment, certain radio-communication equipment operating in restricted frequency bands, and radio-communication jamming devices, may not be imported unless prior approval is granted by IMDA.
Coverage Telecom equipment

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