EGYPT
Since February 2003
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods, products and online services |
Sub-pillar Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Law No. 10 of 2003 on Telecommunication Regulations
According to Art. 44 of Law No. of 2003, the import of telecommunications equipment requires the permission of the National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (NTRA).
Coverage Telecommunications equipment
EGYPT
Since August 2018
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods, products and online services |
Sub-pillar Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Law No. 180/2018 Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR)
According to Art. 23 of the Cabinet's Resolution, it is not allowed to import all broadcasting devices or decoding devices for receiving audio or video broadcasts except after obtaining written approval from the Supreme Council for Media Regulation, without prejudice of the requirements by the National Telecommunication Authority.
Coverage Broadcasting devices or decoding devices for receiving audio or video broadcasts
EGYPT
Since August 2018
Pillar Content access |
Sub-pillar Licensing schemes for digital services and applications
Law No. 180 of 2018 Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
According to Art. 59 of Law No. 180, it is not permissible to establish or operate any media outlet or website before obtaining a license from the Supreme Council for Media Regulation, and the Supreme Council shall determine the conditions and requirements for the license. The term "website" is defined in Art. 1 as "the licensed page, link or application through which press, media or advertising content is provided, whether textual, audio, visual, static, animated or multimedia, issued under a specific name, with a specific electronic address and domain, and created, hosted or accessed through the International Information Network (Internet)".
Coverage Online media
EGYPT
Since February 2003
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods, products and online services |
Sub-pillar Import ban applied on ICT goods, products and online services
Law No. 10 of 2003 on Telecommunication Regulations
According to Art. 46 of Law No. of 2003, imports of used telecommunications materials for trading purposes are prohibited.
Coverage Used telecommunications materials
EGYPT
Since February 2020
Pillar Content access |
Sub-pillar Licensing schemes for digital services and applications
Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 418 of 2020 Issuing Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
According to Art. 22 of the Cabinet's Resolution No. 418, the provision of content transfer services (whether recorded or live broadcast) is not permissible from within the Arab Republic of Egypt to a media outlet or a website operating from outside the Republic, except after obtaining a license from the Supreme Council for Media Regulation and in accordance with the rules and conditions the Authority sets.
Coverage Media outlets and websites
EGYPT
Since August 2018
Since February 2020
Since February 2020
Pillar Content access |
Sub-pillar Licensing schemes for digital services and applications
Law No. 180/2018 Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR)
Cabinet Resolution No. 418 of 2020
Cabinet Resolution No. 418 of 2020
According to Art. 6 of Law 180 of 2018, a license from the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR) is required to establish and manage a website in Egypt and operate offices or branches for websites. This license requires, inter alia, operating inside a specific media area. If a license is not obtained, the SCMR can cease or block the website. The term "website" also covers any online links and applications through which press, media, or advertising content is provided. According to Art. 60 of the law, websites are required to pay a fee of 50,000 Egyptian pounds (approximately USD 2,800) to obtain the license and gain legal status. In addition, pursuant to Art. 40 of Law 180 of 2018, any person wishing to issue a newspaper or establish a website is required to notify the Supreme Council and provide a description of the type of content, editorial policy, sources of funding, and other detailed information. In addition, Art. 41 adds that it is not permitted to issue a newspaper or establish a website before completing the notification data.
Coverage Any website, including online newspapers
Sources
- https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/111991/139734/F1811343950/EGY111991%20Ara.pdf
- https://elpai.idsc.gov.eg/Legislations/Item/281324
- https://www.mondaq.com/telecoms-mobile-cable-communications/1111130/registering-digital-business-in-egypt
- https://www.mondaq.com/broadcasting-film-tv-radio/938588/the-new-press-and-media-regulation-era-in-egypt
- https://www.shandpartners.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2020_Telecoms-Media_Egypt.pdf
- Show more...
EGYPT
Since August 2018
Since February 2020
Since February 2020
Pillar Content access |
Sub-pillar Licensing schemes for digital services and applications
Law No. 180/2018 Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR)
Cabinet Resolution No. 418 of 2020
Cabinet Resolution No. 418 of 2020
According to Art. 59 of Law No. 180 of 2018, no media outlet or electronic site may be established operated, or advertised, before obtaining a license from the Supreme Council, which will specify the licensing requirements. Furthermore, according to Art. 60 of Law No. 180/2018, requires media outlets to pay a fee of 250,000 Egyptian pounds (approx. USD 16,000) to obtain a license from the SCMR and gain legal status. It is reported that "the law defines “media outlet” very broadly, to include any social media account with at least 5,000 subscribers". The report adds that this law and other laws have been used "as grounds to expand website blocking, (which) undermines the value of Internet-based services to their customers and imposes costs on local firms that depend on these services for their business."
In addition, pursuant to Art. 40 of Law 180 of 2018, any person wishing to establish a media outlet is required to notify the Supreme Council and provide a description of the type of content, editorial policy, sources of funding, and other detailed information. According to Art. 10 of Cabinet Resolution No. 418 of 2020, the Supreme Council shall set the necessary forms for requests to establish or operate media outlets, provided that they include the name, surname, nationality, and place of residence of the owner, the outlets' name and logo, the language in which it broadcast, type of activity, funding sources, editorial and administrative structure, statement of budget, name and address of its designated "Broadcasting Officer" and their programs' manager.
In addition, pursuant to Art. 40 of Law 180 of 2018, any person wishing to establish a media outlet is required to notify the Supreme Council and provide a description of the type of content, editorial policy, sources of funding, and other detailed information. According to Art. 10 of Cabinet Resolution No. 418 of 2020, the Supreme Council shall set the necessary forms for requests to establish or operate media outlets, provided that they include the name, surname, nationality, and place of residence of the owner, the outlets' name and logo, the language in which it broadcast, type of activity, funding sources, editorial and administrative structure, statement of budget, name and address of its designated "Broadcasting Officer" and their programs' manager.
Coverage Media services, including social media accounts with at least 5,000 subscribers
EGYPT
Reported in 2022
Pillar Content access |
Sub-pillar Presence of Internet shutdowns
Presence of Internet shutdowns
The indicator "6.2.4 - Government Internet shut down in practice" of the V-Dem Dataset, which measures whether the government has the technical capacity to actively make internet service cease, thus interrupting domestic access to the internet or whether the government has decided to do so, has a score of 3 in Egypt. This corresponds to "Rarely but there have been a few occasions throughout the year when the government shut down domestic access to Internet."
Coverage Horizontal
EGYPT
Since August 2018
Since May 2020
Since May 2020
Pillar Content access |
Sub-pillar Restrictions on online advertising
Law No. 180/2018 Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR)
Media Licensing Regulation
Media Licensing Regulation
The Media Licensing Regulations, issued in May 2020 to implement the Media Law, require media advertising companies to acquire a license to offer their services, while non-Egyptian media advertising companies have to pay a license fee and an approval from the Supreme Council for Media (SCoM), which requires, among other things, operating within a specific media area, the availability to block any content involving, among other things, violence, suicide, self-harm or nudity.
Coverage Advertising sector
EGYPT
Since August 2018
Pillar Content access |
Sub-pillar Blocking or filtering of commercial web content
Law No. 180/2018 Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR)
Art. 4 of Egypt's Media Law No. 180/2018 provides the right for the Supreme Council to block publications, newspapers, media or advertising issued or broadcast from abroad from entering Egypt "for considerations required by national security". Several international reports highlight the Government has abused this article leveraging on the vagueness of the concept of national security.
Coverage Publications, newspapers, media and advertising
EGYPT
Since July 2010
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Sub-pillar User identity requirement
General Rules and Conditions for Protecting Mobile and Fixed Users’ Rights In A.R.E. - The National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority
Art. 5 of the General Rules and Conditions for Protecting Mobile and Fixed Users’ Rights in A.R.E, published by the National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority (NTRA), stipulates that the identity and a national number of mobile and fixed-line services customers have to be registered "in all cases". It is also reported that, since 2010, NTRA requires distributors of SIM cards to collect personal data from buyers’ and copies of their identification documents before the cards can be activated.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
EGYPT
N/A
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Sub-pillar Safe harbor for intermediaries for any activity other than copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place beyond copyright infringements
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability beyond copyright infringement is absent in Egypt's law and jurisprudence In addition, it is reported that "the introduction of the Anti-Cybercrime Law triggered a controversial public debate" in Egypt, in particular "the offences in Articles 25, 27, 29, and 35 are very broadly defined, and cannot exclude a general liability for web administrators or managers of a legal entity for content-related violations". The application of the law will provide further clarity on this issue.
Coverage Internet intermediaries
EGYPT
Reported in 2008, last reported in 2019
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Sub-pillar User identity requirement
Mandatory SIM card registration
It has been reported that, since 2008, the National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority (NTRA) requires Internet cafés to gather and keep certain personal information from visitors who use their services. The information collected includes the names, e-mail addresses and telephone numbers of would-be Internet users.
Coverage Internet cafés
EGYPT
N/A
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Sub-pillar Safe harbor for intermediaries for copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place for copyright infringements
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability for copyright infringement is absent in Egypt's law and jurisprudence. Whether intermediary liability is recognized in the Egyptian Intellectual Property Law, opinions are not conclusive. Some experts consider Art. 147 of Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights covers intermediary liability due to its breadth giving the author the right to prevent the exploitation of its work "in any form" and "in any manner, through computers, the Internet, information networks, communication networks, and other means”. An alternative view is that the law does not contain any provisions that explicitly impose liability upon Internet intermediaries for acts of infringement.
Coverage Internet intermediaries
EGYPT
Since June 2018
Since September 2019
Since September 2019
Pillar Domestic Data policies |
Sub-pillar Requirement to allow the government to access personal data collected
Law No. 87 of 2018 Regulating Road Transport Services Using Information Technology
Resolution No. 2180 of 2019
Resolution No. 2180 of 2019
Law No. 87 of 2018 Regulating Road Transport Services Using Information Technology, a law passed to regulate ride-sharing apps, requires companies to share user data with authorities “on request” and “according to the law.” Art. 9 provides that all land transportation service companies are required to provide the country’s national security agencies with “all their customers’ data”. Requests for data do not need to be accompanied by a warrant, though a decree from the prime minister is required.
Resolution No. 2180 acts as the executive regulation of Law No. 87. According to Art. 10 of the Resolution, ride-sharing companies are to submit to the Ministry of Transportation six months’ worth of “customers’ data” from all rides provided upon request by the Ministry.
Resolution No. 2180 acts as the executive regulation of Law No. 87. According to Art. 10 of the Resolution, ride-sharing companies are to submit to the Ministry of Transportation six months’ worth of “customers’ data” from all rides provided upon request by the Ministry.
Coverage Ride-sharing companies