SINGAPORE
Since September 2021
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Copyright law with clear exceptions
Copyright Act 2021
The Copyright Act provides a clear regime of copyright exceptions that follows the fair use model, which enables the lawful use of copyrighted work by others without obtaining permission. Chapter 63 outlines the exceptions, which include the use of works for research and study, criticism or review, and reporting current events in relation to various works and subject matters.
Coverage Horizontal
SINGAPORE
ITA signatory?
I
II
Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods |
Indicator Effective tariff rate on ICT goods (applied weighted average)
Effective tariff rate to ICT goods (applied weighted average)
0%
Coverage rate of zero-tariffs on ICT goods (%)
100%
Coverage: ICT goods
Sources
- http://wits.worldbank.org/WITS/
- https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/brief_ita_e.htm#:~:text=ITA%20participants%3A%20Australia%3B%20Bahrain%3B,%3B%20Jordan%3B%20Korea%2C%20Rep.
- https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/ita20years_2017_full_e.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220120054410/https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2016/april/tradoc_154430.pdf
- https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/inftec_e/itscheds_e.htm
SINGAPORE
Since March 1997
Since December 2015
Since December 2015
Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods |
Indicator Participation in the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and 2015 expansion (ITA II)
Information Technology Agreement (ITA)
ITA Expansion Agreement (ITA II)
ITA Expansion Agreement (ITA II)
Singapore is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996 and its 2015 expansion (ITA II).
Coverage ICT goods
Sources
- https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/brief_ita_e.htm#:~:text=ITA%20participants%3A%20Australia%3B%20Bahrain%3B,%3B%20Jordan%3B%20Korea%2C%20Rep.
- https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/ita20years_2017_full_e.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220120054410/https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2016/april/tradoc_154430.pdf
- https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/inftec_e/itscheds_e.htm
- Show more...
SINGAPORE
N/A
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Signatory of the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) with coverage of the most relevant services sectors (CPC 752, 754, 84)
Lack of coverage of CPC 754, CPC 752, and CPC 84 in the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA)
Although Singapore is a signatory to the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), its coverage schedules do not include "telecommunications-related services" (CPC 754) and do not fully cover "computer-related services" (CPC 84) and "telecommunications services" (CPC 752), which are important service sectors for digital trade.
Coverage Telecommunications services
SINGAPORE
Since December 1967, last amended in July 2023
Since December 1999, last amended in November 2022
Since April 2012
Since December 1999, last amended in November 2022
Since April 2012
Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade |
Indicator Maximum foreign equity share
Companies Act 1967
Telecommunications Act
Telecom Competition Code 2012
Telecommunications Act
Telecom Competition Code 2012
There are no ownership restrictions for telecommunications, manufacturing of information and communication technology goods and products, computer and related services, and online broadcasting. A foreign entity may wholly own telecommunications licensees that are Singapore-incorporated companies. Licensees must be either incorporated under or, if a foreign company, registered under the Singapore Companies Act (Cap 50).
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231010045448/https://sso.agc.gov.sg/act/coa1967
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231227043935/https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TA1999
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240217232451/https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/Imda/Files/Regulation-Licensing-and-Consultations/Frameworks-and-Policies/Competition-Management/Telecom-Competition-Code/02-...
- Show more...
SINGAPORE
Since December 1967, last amended in July 2023
Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade |
Indicator Nationality/residency requirement for directors or managers
Companies Act 1967
Pursuant to Section 145.1 of the Companies Act, it is a legal requirement for every company to appoint at least one director who is ordinarily resident in Singapore.
Coverage Horizontal
SINGAPORE
Since December 1999, last amended in November 2022
Since April 2012
Since April 2012
Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade |
Indicator Screening of investment and acquisitions
Telecommunications Act
Telecom Competition Code 2012
Telecom Competition Code 2012
According to Art. 10 of the Telecommunications Competition Code and pursuant to Art. 26 of the Telecommunications Act, acquisitions higher than 12% of a controller of a designated telecommunications licensee must seek prior approval from the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA). Likewise, in the case of acquisitions higher than 30% of the total voting shares or voting power, which results in a 30% or higher controlling stake of the designated telecommunication licensee, prior approval of the IDA is required.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231227043935/https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TA1999
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240217232451/https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/Imda/Files/Regulation-Licensing-and-Consultations/Frameworks-and-Policies/Competition-Management/Telecom-Competition-Code/02-...
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230606104942/https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/Imda/Files/Inner/PCDG/Practice-Guidelines/TCC/TelecomCon_TenderOffer.pdf
- Show more...
SIERRA LEONE
Since August 2011
Since August 2009
Since August 2009
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
Customs Act, 2011 (No. 9)
Goods and Services Tax Act, 2009 (No. 6)
Goods and Services Tax Act, 2009 (No. 6)
Sierra Leone does not apply the de minimis rule, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties. According to Section 24 of the Customs Act, levies are charged and collected on all goods imported into the country. Also, the value of an imported good is not a criterion for exemption, according to Section 11 of the Goods and Services Tax Act. It is, however, reported that there is an informal threshold of USD 100.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20221012141648/https://www.nra.gov.sl/sites/default/files/Cutoms-Act-2011.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230619032309/http://www.sierra-leone.org/Laws/2009-06.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230227012953/https://global-express.org/assets/files/GEA%20De%20Minimis%20Country%20information_4%20November%202021.pdf
- Show more...
SIERRA LEONE
Since September 2020
Since January 2020
Since January 2020
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Consumer Protection Act, 2020 (No. 7)
Electronic Transactions Act, 2019 (No. 11)
Electronic Transactions Act, 2019 (No. 11)
The Consumer Protection Act 2020 (No. 7) and the Electronic Transactions Act 2019 (No. 11) provide a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions. Although online purchases are not explicitly mentioned in the Consumer Protection Act, the law seems to apply to the supply of all goods and services in trade or commerce in the country, according to Section 1 of the Act. On the other hand, Sections 13-21 of the Electronic Transaction Act specifically make provisions for consumer protection in electronic transactions.
Coverage Horizontal
SIERRA LEONE
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Lack of ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Sierra Leone has signed but not ratified the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal
SIERRA LEONE
Since 2019
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Sierra Leone has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal
SIERRA LEONE
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Sierra Leone has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal
SIERRA LEONE
Since November 2020
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Self-certification for product safety
Telecommunications Regulations, 2020
According to Section 41 of the Telecommunications Licensing Regulations, type-approval certification from the Commission is required before telecommunications companies can import electronic communications equipment to be used on their networks. Companies are required to comply with the Commission's regulations in this regard. Self-certification for imported goods, including ICT goods such as radio transmission, electromagnetic interference (EMI) or electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), has not been allowed since July 2009, when the requirement for destination inspection was enacted.
Coverage Telecom equipment
SIERRA LEONE
Since January 1996
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Self-certification for product safety
Standards Decree, 1996 (No. 2)
All imports to Sierra Leone may be inspected by the Sierra Leone Standards Bureau (SLSB), which is the authority in charge of standards, certification, and accreditation under the Standards Act of 1996. The Bureau checks the certificate of conformity and labelling requirements and may perform field tests before issuing clearance to customs for the release of the goods.
In July 2009, a pre-shipment inspection of all imports ended. From this date, all shipments into the country are subjected to a Destination Inspection System (DIS) to test and inspect the imported goods to ensure they meet national and international environmental, health and safety standards. Third-party testing results and certifications are not accepted, and government-appointed entities must do the inspection. The government-appointed companies that conduct the inspection have been changed a couple of times. Importers are responsible for payment of the inspection fee.
In July 2009, a pre-shipment inspection of all imports ended. From this date, all shipments into the country are subjected to a Destination Inspection System (DIS) to test and inspect the imported goods to ensure they meet national and international environmental, health and safety standards. Third-party testing results and certifications are not accepted, and government-appointed entities must do the inspection. The government-appointed companies that conduct the inspection have been changed a couple of times. Importers are responsible for payment of the inspection fee.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230307001428/http://www.sierra-leone.org/Laws/1996-NPRC2.pdf
- https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/sierra-leone-standards-trade
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230702113332/http://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/facilitation/activities-and-programmes/natural-disaster/wco-c-red-project/draft-sops-sierra-leone-...
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230702113332/http://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/facilitation/activities-and-programmes/natural-disaster/wco-c-red-project/draft-sops-sierra-leone-...
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220209115523/https://www.oecd.org/aidfortrade/countryprofiles/dtis/Sierra%20Leone-DTIS-2013.pdf
- Show more...
