It is reported that data from the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) indicate that the average patent examination backlog is approximately 4.3 years, while certain sectors, including the telecommunications industry, experience average delays approaching six years. These delays are particularly significant given that Art. 40 of the Law on Industrial Property stipulates that an invention patent remains in force for a period of twenty years counted from the filing date, meaning that prolonged examination can markedly reduce the effective period of exclusive protection available to applicants.

Brazil is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

Brazil has a copyright regime under Law 9.610. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, therefore limiting the lawful use of copyrighted works by third parties. Sections 46-48 list the exceptions, which include: the reproduction of news or informative articles published in newspapers or periodicals, mentioning the author's name; speeches delivered at public meetings of any nature; portraits, or any other form of representation of the image, made on commission, when made by the owner of the object ordered, without opposition from the person represented in them or his/her heirs; among others.

It is reported that piracy of copyrighted material continues to pose a significant barrier to the adoption of legitimate content distribution channels, with stakeholders noting persistent levels of infringement facilitated through illicit streaming devices (ISDs) and unlawful Internet Protocol television (IPTV) applications.

Brazil is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

In December 2007, the Brazilian authorities resolved, under Resolution No. 66, to impose a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of loudspeakers (HS codes 8518.2100, 8518.2200, and 8518.2990) originating from China. This measure was subsequently reviewed and renewed in November 2013, and again in November 2019 and November 2025, each time for a further five-year period. The applicable duty rate is an ad valorem charge amounting to 78.3% of the CIF value.

Under Resolution No. 837, the Brazilian authorities have imposed a definitive anti‑dumping duty on imports of certain fibre‑optic cables (HS subheading 8544.70.10) originating from China. The duty applicable to imports from China has been established at USD 2.42 per kilogram. This definitive measure shall remain in force for a period of five years.

Under Resolution No. 829, the Brazilian authorities imposed a definitive anti‑dumping duty on imports of certain optical fibres (HS subheading 9001.10.11) originating from China. The duty applicable to imports from China has been set at USD 47.46 per kilogram. This definitive measure will remain in force for a period of five years.

Art. 26.7 of the 2021 Procurement Law stipulates that the procurement of information technology and communications systems considered strategic by the Federal Government may be limited to technologies that are developed and manufactured within Brazil.

Art. 5 of Decree 7.174 of 12 May 2010 requires federal agencies and parastatal entities to give preferential treatment to domestically produced computer products and goods or services with technology developed in Brazil based on a price/technology matrix.

Complementary Law 123 of 2006, amended by Complementary Law 147 of 2014, provides that the procurement of items up to 80.000 BRL (approx 15.000 USD) is exclusive to Brazilian micro and small enterprises (Art. 47 and 48). Besides, micro and small enterprises of Brazilian origin have certain preferences, such as the right to an extra bid if it offers a price 10% higher and a 25% set aside of the number of items in larger contracts of goods if they are divisible.
Art. 49 states that these provisions do not apply if (i) there is not a minimum of three competitive suppliers classified as micro-companies or small companies based locally or regionally and capable of fulfilling the requirements established in the invitation to bid; (ii) the differentiated and simplified treatment for micro and small companies is not advantageous for the public administration or represents damage to the set or complex of the object to be contracted.

Art. 26 of Law No. 14.133 states that a margin of preference in the bidding process may be established in favour of domestic manufactured goods and services that meet Brazilian technical standards. This margin may be up to 10% on the price of goods and services and also be extended to manufactured goods and services originating in States that are part of the Southern Common Market (Mercosur). The article also mentions that in the case of national manufactured goods and national services resulting from development and technological innovation in the country, the margin of preference may be up to 20%.

Brazil is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA); however, it has held observer status since October 2017.

Art. 222 of the Brazilian Constitution stipulates that a minimum of 70% of the total voting capital of news companies must be held, either directly or indirectly, by native Brazilians or by individuals who have been naturalised Brazilians for over ten years. Furthermore, Art. 2 of Law No. 10.610/2002 also restricts foreign ownership to no more than 30% of the capital stock and voting capital of news companies. It should be noted that neither the Constitution nor the Law defines what constitutes a news company.

The Federal Constitution, in Art. 222, states that editorial responsibility and the activities regarding selection and management of the programming to be disseminated shall be carried out exclusively by native Brazilians or those naturalised for more than 10 years in any social communication medium. It also adds that electronic social communication media, regardless of the technology used to deliver the service, shall comply with the principles stipulated in Art. 221, as provided by specific legislation, shall also ensure priority to Brazilian professionals in producing Brazilian programs.
This is reiterated in Law 10.610/2002, which establishes that the control and management of broadcasting companies and news companies must be exercised exclusively by Brazilians, born or naturalised, for more than 10 years.