Database

Browse Database

EGYPT

Since 1991

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Sub-pillar Restrictions on domain names
Local representative required to register a Top Level Domain name
The Egyptian Universities Network (EUN), part of the Egyptian Supreme Council of Universities, is responsible for managing and operating the ".eg" Top-level Domain infrastructure and services, as well as for registering all the academic, educational and Governmental domains under the Arabic TLD (مصر ). It is reported that in the EUN's domain registration portal, companies that do not have a headquarters in the Arab Republic of Egypt need to have a local representative to register a domain name. Moreover, it is reported that the registered domain name must correspond to either a registered company name or trademark that exists outside of Egypt.
Coverage Horizontal

EGYPT

Since June 2019

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Sub-pillar Local presence requirements for digital services providers
The Central Bank of Egypt - Technical Payment Aggregators & Payment Facilitators Regulations In the Arab Republic of Egypt 2019
According to The Central Bank of Egypt - Technical Payment Aggregators & Payment Facilitators Regulations In the Arab Republic of Egypt 2019 on payment services that are provided by Fintech services, technical payment aggregators or payment facilitators, including sub-merchants and sub-contracting activities. Fintech services agreements to be concluded by banks to facilitate electronic payments are subject to subcontracting restrictions unless certain conditions are being met. Among these conditions, there is the requirement to have actual premises in Egypt. Without meeting this condition, the payment operation cannot take place.
Coverage Fintech and online payments services

EGYPT

Since August 2018
Since February 2020

Pillar Content access  |  Sub-pillar Licensing schemes for digital services and applications
Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
(قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام)

Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 418 of 2020 Issuing Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
(قرار رئيس مجلس الوزراء رقم 418 لسنة 2020 بإصدار اللائحة التنفيذية لقانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام الصادر بالقانون رقم 180 لسنة 201)
According to Art. 59 of Law No. 180 of 2018, no media outlet or electronic site may be established, operated, or advertised before obtaining a license from the Supreme Council, which will specify the licensing requirements. Furthermore, Art. 60 requires media outlets to pay a fee of EGP 250,000 (approx. USD 16,000) to obtain a license from the SCMR and gain legal status. It is reported that "the law defines 'media outlet' very broadly, to include any social media account with at least 5,000 subscribers." The report adds that this law and other laws have been used "as grounds to expand website blocking, (which) undermines the value of Internet-based services to their customers and imposes costs on local firms that depend on these services for their business."
In addition, pursuant to Art. 40, any person wishing to establish a media outlet is required to notify the Supreme Council and provide a description of the type of content, editorial policy, sources of funding, and other detailed information. According to Art. 10 of Cabinet Resolution No. 418 of 2020, the Supreme Council shall set the necessary forms for requests to establish or operate media outlets, provided that they include the name, surname, nationality, and place of residence of the owner, the outlet's name and logo, the language in which it broadcasts, type of activity, funding sources, editorial and administrative structure, statement of budget, name and address of its designated "Broadcasting Officer," and their programs' manager.
Coverage Media services, including social media accounts with at least 5,000 subscribers

EGYPT

Since February 2003

Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Import ban applied on ICT goods or online services
Egypt Telecommunication Regulation Law - Law No. 10 of 2003
(قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات)
According to Art. 46 of Law No. of 2003, imports of used telecommunications materials for trading purposes are prohibited.
Coverage Used telecommunications materials

EGYPT

Since February 2003

Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Egypt Telecommunication Regulation Law - Law No. 10 of 2003
(قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات)
According to Art. 44 of Law No. of 2003, the import of telecommunications equipment requires the permission of the National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (NTRA).
Coverage Telecommunications equipment

EGYPT

Since August 2018

Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
(قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام)
According to Art. 23 of Law No. 180 of 2018, it is not allowed to import all broadcasting devices or decoding devices for receiving audio or video broadcasts except after obtaining written approval from the Supreme Council for Media Regulation, without prejudice to the requirements of the National Telecommunication Authority.
Coverage Broadcasting devices or decoding devices for receiving audio or video broadcasts

EGYPT

Reported in 2022, last reported in 2024

Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Lack of transparency in import procedures
Egypt’s National Single Window for Foreign Trade Facilitation (Nafeza) was launched at all Egyptian ports in October 2021. The Nafeza requires foreign exporters to register and submit all necessary shipping documentation and transaction data via the online portal CargoX, which is a blockchain provider, to facilitate the release of goods from ports in Egypt. Some companies are reported to be concerned about the lack of transparency and implementation guidance on CargoX procedures, which affects import procedures in the country.
Coverage Horizontal

EGYPT

Since August 2018

Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Export restrictions on ICT goods or online services
Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
(قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام)
Art. 22 of Law No. 180 of 2018 stipulates that a licence from the Supreme Council for Media Regulation and in accordance with the rules and conditions the Authority sets is required for transferring content (whether recorded or live broadcast) from within the Arab Republic of Egypt to a media outlet or a website operating outside the Republic.
Coverage Recorded or live broadcast content

EGYPT

Since February 2003

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Open and transparent standard-setting process
Egypt Telecommunication Regulation Law - Law No. 10 of 2003
(قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات)
The Board of Directors of the National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority (NTRA) lacks foreign participation based on its composition regulated by Art. 12 of Egypt Telecommunication Law. The Board has set standards for telecom equipment.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

EGYPT

Reported in 2021

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Self-certification for product safety
SDoC allowed for foreign business
It is reported that the conformity assessment procedure for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)/electromagnetic interference (EMI) relies on the Supplier's Declaration of Conformity (SDoC). In particular, the supplier or manufacturer of the equipment declares the equipment meets the technical and administrative requirements on the basis of test reports by a testing laboratory recognised by the regulator. The test reports are submitted to the regulator, and type approval for the equipment is required based on the documents submitted. No local testing is required. The testing labs are recognised by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) and the European Commission (EC).
Coverage Horizontal

EGYPT

Since August 2018
Since February 2020

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Restrictions on encryption standards
Law No. 180/2018 Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR)
(قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام)

Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 418 of 2020 Issuing Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
(قرار رئيس مجلس الوزراء رقم 418 لسنة 2020 بإصدار اللائحة التنفيذية لقانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام الصادر بالقانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018)
Art. 72 of Law No. 180 of 2018, Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation, grants the right to establish and license encrypted satellites and digital platforms in Egypt exclusively to the Supreme Council”. The license is issued after the approval of the National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. The article also stipulates that granting the license is only possible for state-owned companies.
Coverage Encrypted satellites and digital platforms

EGYPT

Since February 2003

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Sub-pillar Restrictions on encryption standards
Egypt Telecommunication Regulation Law - Law No. 10 of 2003
(قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات)
Art. 64 of Law No.10 of 2003 on Telecommunication Regulations prohibits the use of any telecommunication service encryption equipment without written authorisation from the National Telecom Regulatory Authority (NTRA), the armed forces and national security entities. It is reported that, in practice, there are widespread restrictions when it comes to encryption, with the absence of a general right to encryption in legislation and regulations.
Coverage Telecommunication sector

EGYPT

Since July 2008

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Sub-pillar Limits on e-commerce purchases
Ministerial Decree No. 294 of 2008 - Amending the Executive Regulation of Law No. 16 of 1970 Regulating the Postal System
The Ministerial Decree No. 294 of 2008 introduced an amendment to the executive regulation of Law No. 16 of 1970 regulating the postal system in Egypt. The amendment includes a definition for "Express Delivery Services" and states that the Egyptian National Post organisation (ENPO) may grant special authorisation to the foreign-owned private courier and express delivery service suppliers wishing to perform this service in its place and operate in Egypt.
It is also reported that ENPO requires private express delivery operators to pay a postal agency fee of 10% of annual revenue on shipments of less than 20 kilograms. ENPO imposes an additional cost on private couriers and expresses delivery services of EGP 5 (approx. USD 0.30) on all shipments under 5 kilograms.
Coverage Courier and express delivery services

EGYPT

Since April 2021

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Sub-pillar Restrictions on online payments
Central Bank of Egypt Mobile Payments Regulation
The Central Bank of Egypt Mobile Payments Regulation - Version 3 imposes a number of restrictions affecting cross-border payments through cell phone account wallets. In addition, it also restricts foreigners' access to payment services through Egyptian cell phone accounts in the country. The restrictions imposed by the CBE regulations include:
- The opening of cell phone accounts for individual users of the system is limited to those who hold Egyptian citizenship.
- Mobile money transfers are only possible within the Republic of Egypt and in the local currency (EGP).
- No exchange of other currencies and no exchange or clearing transactions between customer accounts in other currencies is possible without referring to the Central Bank of Egypt for approval, including transfer controls.
Service users are allowed to receive transfers from abroad in foreign currencies to add to their EGP accounts.
- The maximum daily transaction limit allowed for withdrawals, transfers, and any purse deductions for individual customers is set at EGP 30,000 (approx. 970 USD).
- The maximum daily transaction limit allowed for withdrawals, transfers, and any e-wallet deductions for corporate clients is EGP 40,000 (approx. 1,294 USD).
- The maximum monthly transaction limit allowed for withdrawals, transfers, and any e-wallet deductions for individual customers is EGP 100,000 (approx. 3,236 USD).
- The maximum monthly transaction limit allowed for withdrawals, transfers, and any purse deductions for corporate clients is EGP 200,000 (approx. 6,472 USD).
Coverage Mobile payments

EGYPT

Since August 2018

Pillar Content access  |  Sub-pillar Blocking or filtering of commercial web content
Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
(قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام)
Art. 4 of Egypt's Media Law No. 180/2018 provides the right for the Supreme Council to block publications, newspapers, media or advertising issued or broadcast from abroad from entering Egypt "for considerations required by national security". Several international reports highlight that the government has abused this article by leveraging the vagueness of the concept of national security.
Coverage Publications, newspapers, media and advertising

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