FIJI
N/A
Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods |
Indicator Participation in the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and 2015 expansion (ITA II)
Lack of participation in the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and in ITA Expansion Agreement (ITA II)
Fiji is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).
Coverage ICT goods
Sources
- https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/brief_ita_e.htm#:~:text=ITA%20participants%3A%20Australia%3B%20Bahrain%3B,%3B%20Jordan%3B%20Korea%2C%20Rep.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250711235623/https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/ita20years_2017_full_e.pdf
- https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/inftec_e/ita_map_e.htm
- https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/inftec_e/itscheds_e.htm
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FIJI
Reported in 2018, last reported in 2024
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other limitations on foreign participation in public procurement
Lack of transparency in tenders
Lack of transparency in public procurement is reportedly a persistent issue among stakeholders in Fiji. There is a perception among foreign investors that there is a lack of transparency in government procurement and approval processes.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250413085618/https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-investment-climate-statements/fiji/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250207132029/https://www.state.gov/reports/2018-investment-climate-statements/fiji/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250812190945/https://www.fijitimes.com.fj/transparency-in-governance/
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GEORGIA
Since December 2013, last amended in June 2019
Since June 2005, last amended in July 2024
Since June October 2014, last amended in November 2015
Since June 2005, last amended in July 2024
Since June October 2014, last amended in November 2015
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Export restrictions on ICT goods or online services
Law of Georgia No. 1683-Iს on the Control of Military and Dual-Use Goods (საქართველოს კანონი 1683-Iს სამხედრო და ორმაგი დანიშნულების პროდუქციის კონტროლის შესახებ)
Law of Georgia No. 1775 on Licences and Permits (საქართველოს კანონი 1775 ლიცენზიებისა და ნებართვების შესახებ)
Resolution of the Government of Georgia No. 394 on approval of lists of military and dual-purpose products (საქართველოს მთავრობის დადგენილება 394 სამხედრო და ორმაგი დანიშნულების პროდუქციის ნუსხების დამტკიცების შესახებ)
Law of Georgia No. 1775 on Licences and Permits (საქართველოს კანონი 1775 ლიცენზიებისა და ნებართვების შესახებ)
Resolution of the Government of Georgia No. 394 on approval of lists of military and dual-purpose products (საქართველოს მთავრობის დადგენილება 394 სამხედრო და ორმაგი დანიშნულების პროდუქციის ნუსხების დამტკიცების შესახებ)
According to Art. 5 of the Law of Georgia on the Control of Military and Dual-Use Goods, the export of "Dual-Purpose Products" included in the "control lists" outlined in Art. 2(p) is carried out on the basis of an export permit issued in accordance with the Law of Georgia on Licences and Permits, as specified in its Art. 24. Dual-purpose products, as defined in Art. 2(m), include computer software and technologies that serve both civil and military purposes.
The control list, detailed in the Government of Georgia's Resolution No. 394 on the Approval of Lists of Military and Dual-Purpose Products, includes semiconductor photocathodes, electro-optical converters, optical fibre, and optical fibre connectors, among other products. Additionally, Section 21 of Resolution No. 394 provides specific information about the types of software that fall under the licensing regime.
The control list, detailed in the Government of Georgia's Resolution No. 394 on the Approval of Lists of Military and Dual-Purpose Products, includes semiconductor photocathodes, electro-optical converters, optical fibre, and optical fibre connectors, among other products. Additionally, Section 21 of Resolution No. 394 provides specific information about the types of software that fall under the licensing regime.
Coverage Dual-use goods, including computer software, semiconductor photocathodes, optical fiber, optical fiber connectors, electro-optical converters
GEORGIA
Reported in 2021, last reported in 2023
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Self-certification for product safety
Supplier Declaration of Conformity allowed for foreign businesses
Self-certification is permitted for radio transmission, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Foreign companies are authorised to self-certify compliance with these standards through a Supplier Declaration of Conformity (SDoC). The registration of the equipment with the regulatory authority is not required, nor is testing by an accredited laboratory mandatory. In cases where testing is conducted, the selection of the testing laboratory is at the discretion of the supplier or manufacturer.
Coverage Electronic products
GEORGIA
Since June 2019, last amended in April 2023
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
Customs Code of Georgia
According to Art. 185 of the Customs Code of Georgia, the importation of goods whose total value does not exceed the threshold of GEL 300 (approx. USD 111), with the exception of alcoholic products, perfumes, toilet water, tobacco and tobacco products, are exempt from import duties. This threshold is lower than the USD 200 threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250116145340/https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/4598501?publication=7
- https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/TPR/S420R1.pdf&Open=True
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241206210823/https://zhenhub.com/blog/customs-duty-de-minimis-import-duty-rates-by-country-2024/
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GEORGIA
Since April 2022
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Law of Georgia No. 1455-VIIIMS-XMP on the Protection of Consumer Rights (საქართველოს კანონი 1455-VIIIმს-Xმპ მომხმარებლის უფლებების დაცვის შესახებ)
The Law on Consumer Rights provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions. Arts. 4(d), 10, and 12 include provisions for the protection of e-consumers.
Coverage Horizontal
GEORGIA
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Lack of signature of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Georgia has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal
GEORGIA
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Georgia has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal
GEORGIA
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Georgia has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal
GEORGIA
N/A
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for any activity other than copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place beyond copyright infringement
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability beyond copyright infringement is absent in Georigia's law and jurisprudence.
Coverage Internet intermediaries
GEORGIA
Since March 2006, last amended in June 2022
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator User identity requirement
Resolution No. 3 of Georgian National Communications Commission on the Approval of the Regulations in respect to the Provision of Services and Protection of Consumer Rights in the Sphere of Electronic Communications (საქართველოს კომუნიკაციების ეროვნული კომისიის დადგენილება No. 3 ელექტრონული კომუნიკაციების სფეროში მომსახურების მიწოდებისა და მომხმარებელთა უფლებების შესახებ რეგლამენტის დამტკიცების თაობაზე)
According to Art. 5.1 of Resolution No. 3 of Georgian National Communications Commission on the Approval of the Regulations in respect to the Provision of Services and Protection of Consumer Rights in the Sphere of Electronic Communications, electronic-communication service providers must record and keep information concerning consumers, including the name and surname of the consumer. It is also reported that mobile network operators must collect and store a user's personal information and proof of identity for SIM card registration.
Coverage Telecommunication services
GEORGIA
Since March 2006, as amended in November 2007, last amended in June 2022
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator Monitoring requirement
Resolution No. 3 of Georgian National Communications Commission on the Approval of the Regulations in respect to the Provision of Services and Protection of Consumer Rights in the Sphere of Electronic Communications (საქართველოს კომუნიკაციების ეროვნული კომისიის დადგენილება No. 3 ელექტრონული კომუნიკაციების სფეროში მომსახურების მიწოდებისა და მომხმარებელთა უფლებების შესახებ რეგლამენტის დამტკიცების თაობაზე)
In accordance with Art. 10.2 (c) of Resolution No. 3 of the Georgian National Communications Commission on the Approval of the Regulations in Respect to the Provision of Services and Protection of Consumer Rights in the Sphere of Electronic Communications, the owner of an Internet site must periodically review any links on the site to ensure that the linked content does not contain offensive or inappropriate material. If such material is found, the site owner must take appropriate measures to remove it.
It is reported that individuals or entities who own a website are required to conduct regular monitoring of their web content to prevent the publication of inadmissible material. However, this monitoring is often not performed consistently and is usually only carried out at the request of the Georgian National Communications Commission.
It is reported that individuals or entities who own a website are required to conduct regular monitoring of their web content to prevent the publication of inadmissible material. However, this monitoring is often not performed consistently and is usually only carried out at the request of the Georgian National Communications Commission.
Coverage Internet sites
GEORGIA
Since March 2006, as amended in November 2007, last amended in June 2022
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator Monitoring requirement
Resolution No. 3 of Georgian National Communications Commission on the Approval of the Regulations in respect to the Provision of Services and Protection of Consumer Rights in the Sphere of Electronic Communications (საქართველოს კომუნიკაციების ეროვნული კომისიის დადგენილება No. 3 ელექტრონული კომუნიკაციების სფეროში მომსახურების მიწოდებისა და მომხმარებელთა უფლებების შესახებ რეგლამენტის დამტკიცების თაობაზე)
According, Art. 10.3 of Resolution No. 3 of the Georgian National Communications Commission on the Approval of the Regulations in Respect to the Provision of Services and Protection of Consumer Rights in the Sphere of Electronic Communications, Internet domain issuers must periodically review the content of the websites registered under their domain to prevent the hosting of inappropriate material. Upon discovering such content, the domain issuer must promptly (a) warn the domain owner and set a deadline for the removal of the inappropriate material and (b) block the Internet site if the warning is ignored.
It is reported that individuals or entities who manage an Internet domain are required to conduct regular monitoring of the web content to prevent the publication of inadmissible material. However, this monitoring is often not performed consistently and is usually only carried out at the request of the Georgian National Communications Commission.
It is reported that individuals or entities who manage an Internet domain are required to conduct regular monitoring of the web content to prevent the publication of inadmissible material. However, this monitoring is often not performed consistently and is usually only carried out at the request of the Georgian National Communications Commission.
Coverage Internet domain issuers
GEORGIA
Since February 1998, last amended in November 2023
Pillar Content access |
Indicator Restrictions on online advertising
Law of Georgia No. 1228 on Advertising (საქართველოს კანონი № 1228 რეკლამის შესახებ)
Pursuant to Art. 4 of Law No. 1228, advertisements are required to be in the Georgian language, and any trademarks in a foreign language must be accompanied by Georgian text. However, it remains unclear whether these restrictions extend to online advertising.
Coverage Horizontal
GEORGIA
Since December 2013, last amended in June 2019
Since June 2005, last amended in July 2024
Since June October 2014, last amended in November 2015
Since June 2005, last amended in July 2024
Since June October 2014, last amended in November 2015
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Law of Georgia No. 1683-Iს on the Control of Military and Dual-Use Goods (საქართველოს კანონი 1683-Iს სამხედრო და ორმაგი დანიშნულების პროდუქციის კონტროლის შესახებ)
Law of Georgia No. 1775 on Licences and Permits (საქართველოს კანონი 1775 ლიცენზიებისა და ნებართვების შესახებ)
Resolution of the Government of Georgia No. 394 on approval of lists of military and dual-purpose products (საქართველოს მთავრობის დადგენილება 394 სამხედრო და ორმაგი დანიშნულების პროდუქციის ნუსხების დამტკიცების შესახებ)
Law of Georgia No. 1775 on Licences and Permits (საქართველოს კანონი 1775 ლიცენზიებისა და ნებართვების შესახებ)
Resolution of the Government of Georgia No. 394 on approval of lists of military and dual-purpose products (საქართველოს მთავრობის დადგენილება 394 სამხედრო და ორმაგი დანიშნულების პროდუქციის ნუსხების დამტკიცების შესახებ)
According to Art. 5 of the Law of Georgia on the Control of Military and Dual-Use Goods, the import of "Dual-Purpose Products" included in the "control lists" outlined in Art. 2(p) is carried out on the basis of an import permit issued in accordance with the Law of Georgia on Licences and Permits, as specified in its Art. 24. Dual-purpose products, as defined in Art. 2(m), include computer software and technologies that serve both civil and military purposes.
The control list, detailed in the Government of Georgia's Resolution No. 394 on the Approval of Lists of Military and Dual-Purpose Products, includes semiconductor photocathodes, electro-optical converters, optical fibre, and optical fibre connectors, among other products. Additionally, Section 21 of Resolution No. 394 provides specific information about the types of software that fall under the licensing regime.
The control list, detailed in the Government of Georgia's Resolution No. 394 on the Approval of Lists of Military and Dual-Purpose Products, includes semiconductor photocathodes, electro-optical converters, optical fibre, and optical fibre connectors, among other products. Additionally, Section 21 of Resolution No. 394 provides specific information about the types of software that fall under the licensing regime.
Coverage Dual-use goods, including computer software, semiconductor photocathodes, optical fiber, optical fiber connectors, electro-optical converters
