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BRUNEI

Since May 2000, last amended in December 2013

Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)  |  Indicator Copyright law with clear exceptions
Emergency (Copyright) Order of 1999 (S 14/2000 [E]) (Perintah Hak Cipta 1999)
The Emergency (Copyright) Order of 1999 provides a clear regime of copyright exceptions that follow the fair dealing model, which enables the lawful use of copyrighted work by others without obtaining permission. Sections 33-34 list the exceptions, which include the use for research, private study, criticism, and news reporting, among others.
Coverage Horizontal
"SELECT DISTINCT(post_id) FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'score' AND\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'country' AND meta_value = 'BN')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAND (\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.1') OR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.2') OR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.3')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t)"
[{"post_id":"110151"},{"post_id":"110152"},{"post_id":"110153"}]
"SELECT meta_value FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'impact' AND\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'country' AND meta_value = 'BN')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAND (\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.1') OR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.2')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t)"
"SELECT meta_value FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'score' AND\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'country' AND meta_value = 'BN')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAND (\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.3')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t)"
ITA: [{"meta_value":"1.00"}]

BRUNEI

ITA signatory? I II

Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods  |  Indicator Effective tariff rate on ICT goods (applied weighted average)
Effective tariff rate to ICT goods (applied weighted average)
0.03%
Coverage rate of zero-tariffs on ICT goods (%)
97.36%
Coverage: ICT goods

BRUNEI

N/A

Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods  |  Indicator Participation in the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and 2015 expansion (ITA II)
Lack of participation in Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and in ITA Expansion Agreement (ITA II)
Brunei is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).
Coverage ICT goods

BRUNEI

Since February 2022
Since April 2022

Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Other limitations on foreign participation in public procurement
Financial Regulations, 2022 (Peraturan-Peraturan Kewangan, 2022)

Government Procurement Guideline
The Government Procurement Guideline provides the procedural framework governing the conduct and implementation of public procurement and tendering, as set out in Part 4 of the Financial Regulations. In this regard, procurement activities must comply not only with the Financial Regulations but also with any supplementary guidelines issued by the Ministry of Finance and Economy.
Within this framework, Section 7.1.13 of the Guideline establishes that the Head of Department and the Small Tender Board may incorporate the percentage of local employees as a criterion within the bid evaluation scoring matrix. The relevant benchmark percentages to be applied for this purpose are specified in Appendix 5 of the Guideline.
Coverage Horizontal

FIJI

Since June 2024
Since July 2025

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
Customs Tariff (Budget Amendment) Act 2024

Customs Tariff (Budget Amendment) Act 2025
Concession Code 212, under the Customs Tariff Act 1986, provides an exemption from duty on the importation of goods by a private individual for personal use. According to Section 4 of the Customs Tariff (Budget Amendment) Act 2024, the de minimis threshold established in Concession Code 212 was amended, reducing the value from FJD 2,000 (approx. USD 900) to FJD 1,000 (approx. USD 450). Subsequently, the Customs Tariff (Budget Amendment) Act 2025 amended the Concession Code 212 so that it applies to all goods purchased online by a private individual (subject to exclusions), while maintaining the FJD 1,000 (approx. USD 450) duty-value threshold.
Coverage Horizontal

FIJI

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Lack of comprehensive consumer protection law applicable to online commerce
Fiji lacks a comprehensive consumer protection framework that applies to online transactions. Consumer protection is currently regulated under the Fijian Competition and Consumer Commission Act 2010, which provides comparatively extensive safeguards, including provisions on misleading or deceptive conduct (Art. 75), unconscionable conduct (Art. 76), referral selling (Art. 87), unsolicited goods and services (Arts. 92–94), and conditions and warranties in consumer transactions (Arts. 111–118). However, it remains unclear whether this legislation extends to online transactions.
Coverage Horizontal

FIJI

Since June 2017, in force since January 2018

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Fiji has signed and ratified the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts. This was implemented through the Electronic Transactions Act 2008, as amended by the Electronic Transactions (Amendment) Act 2017.
Coverage Horizontal

FIJI

Since 2017

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Fiji has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce. This was implemented through the Electronic Transactions Act 2008, as amended by the Electronic Transactions (Amendment) Act 2017.
Coverage Horizontal

FIJI

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Fiji has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal

FIJI

N/A

Pillar Intermediary liability  |  Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place for copyright infringements
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability for copyright infringement is absent in Fiji's law and jurisprudence.
Coverage Internet intermediaries

FIJI

N/A

Pillar Intermediary liability  |  Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for any activity other than copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place beyond copyright infringement
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability beyond copyright infringement is absent in Fiji's law and jurisprudence.
Coverage Internet intermediaries

FIJI

Since July 2010, last amended in December 2016

Pillar Intermediary liability  |  Indicator User identity requirement
Compulsory Registration of Customers for Telephone Services Act 2010
According to Art. 4 of the Compulsory Registration of Customers for Telephone Services Act 2010, before completing the sale of any fixed-line telephone or SIM card for a natural person, authorised resellers must collect the following information:
(i) full name and date of birth as stated on the birth certificate, including any known aliases;
(ii) permanent home address, or a local address if the purchaser is visiting Fiji;
(iii) a copy of a valid passport, Fiji National Provident Fund (FNPF) card, or other official photo identification; and
(iv) if the purchaser is under 18 years of age, the signature of a parent or legal guardian.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

FIJI

Reported in 2026

Pillar Content access  |  Indicator Presence of Internet shutdowns
Presence of Internet shutdowns
The indicator "7.2.4 - Government Internet shut down in practice" of the V-Dem Dataset, which measures whether the government has the technical capacity to actively make internet service cease, thus interrupting domestic access to the internet or whether the government has decided to do so, has a score of 3 in Fiji for the year 2025. This corresponds to "Rarely but there have been a few occasions throughout the year when the government shut down domestic access to Internet."
Coverage Horizontal

FIJI

Since August 2008, last amended in July 2022
Since April 2025

Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Telecommunications Act 2008

Fiji Revenue and Customs Service (FRCS) Standard Interpretation Guideline 2025-09
According to the Fiji Trade Information Portal, all individuals and entities wishing to engage in commercial import activities must register with the Fiji Revenue & Customs Service (FRCS) and hold a valid Tax Identification Number (TIN). In addition, for certain goods, including telecommunications equipment, companies must obtain a specific import licence. Pursuant to Art. 55.4 of the Telecommunications Act 2008, any person intending to import telecommunications equipment or apparatus, including radio-transmitting devices, other than equipment exempted by regulation, is required to secure an import permit from the Telecommunications Authority of Fiji (TAF).
In addition, the Fiji Revenue and Customs Service (FRCS) Standard Interpretation Guideline 2025-09 identifies mobile phones and telecommunication equipment as restricted goods that require an import licence/permit from the relevant authority, specifying that the licence is issued by the Telecommunications Authority of Fiji.
Coverage Telecom equipment

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