The Belgian state owns 53.51% of the shares of incumbent telecommunications company Proximus, formerly Belgacom.

It is reported that Belgium does not mandate functional or accounting separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market.

Art. 85 of the Utilities Directive (2014/25/EU) contains provisions allowing contracting public entities to reject foreign goods not covered by any EU international commitments from its tender procedures. In these cases, a tender submitted for the award of a supply contract may be rejected where the proportion of the products originating in third countries exceeds 50% of the total value of the products constituting the tender (Art. 85.2). Additionally, in cases of equivalent offers, the provisions provide for a preference for European tenders and tenders covered by EU's international obligations. In practice, this possibility has rarely been used.
The Public Procurement Act transposes the Utilities Directive into law. Where two or more bids are equivalent under the award criteria of Art. 81, preference is given to those bids that do not contain more than 50% of products from third countries (Art. 61). However, tenders with at least 50% of products from third countries are allowed when competing tenders require equipment with technical characteristics that differ from those of the contracting public authority and which could result in incompatibility or disproportionate costs.

The regulatory environment does not impose control limits on foreign companies. The country does not have a specific investment law, however investment is regulated within the framework of the Belgian Companies and Associations Code (the "BCCA"), enacted by the Belgian parliament in February 2019.

In November 2022, the Belgian federal and regional governments formalised a cooperation agreement to establish a screening mechanism for foreign direct investment (FDI), which was implemented in July 2023. Subsequently, in May 2023, the Federal Public Service of Economy released draft guidelines to elucidate the scope and procedural framework of this FDI screening mechanism in Belgium. According to these guidelines, the regime is applicable to FDI, which may affect national security, public order, or the strategic interests of Belgium and its federated entities. Under this mandatory regime, strategic non-EU investors are required to notify and obtain prior approval for FDI projects, with the potential for ex officio assessments up to two years post-transaction. The regime encompasses various types of investments, including transactions that result in the acquisition of at least 25% of voting rights in a Belgian target company engaged in critical infrastructures, digital infrastructures, media, data processing or storage, as well as investments in technologies and raw materials essential for strategic sectors such as AI, robotics, semiconductors, cybersecurity, aerospace, defence, energy storage, quantum and nuclear technologies, and nanotechnologies.

The Cabinet Decision Amending the Law of 21 March 1991 on the Reform of Certain Public Economic Enterprises made it possible for private investors to invest in telecom provider Proximus to the extent that the government's stake could fall below 50%+1 share with a resolution approved by the Council of Ministers. This is also explicitly mentioned in Art. 54/6 of the Law of 21 March 1991 on the reform of certain public economic enterprises. Although private, including foreign, investment in Proximus is possible, the government screens the investment guided by the strategic importance of a stake in the company concerned, the need for Belgian anchoring, the essential contribution that the company can make to the pursuit of sustainable economic growth, its social usefulness and its impact on employment.

The Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU provides an updated framework aimed at encouraging online sales. The Directive has been implemented by the Federal Act of 8 March 1979, Establishing Provisions for the Protection of Consumers (Consumer Protection Law).

Austria has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Austria has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Austria has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

The Directive 2000/31/EC (E-Commerce Directive) is the legal basis governing the liability of Internet Services Providers (ISPs) in the EU Member States and includes a conditional safe harbour. Not all Member States have transposed the relevant articles consistently, leading to divergent national case law that could cause legal insecurity on an EU level.
Safe harbours for intermediaries of the e-Commerce Directive are incorporated into Austrian national law by the e-Commerce Act. Section V of the legislation provides for an exclusion from the liability regime, under certain circumstances, for:
- Mere access providers (Section 13).
- Search engine services (Section 14).
- Caching providers (Section 15).
- Hosting providers (Section 16).
- Link providers (Section 17).

The Directive 2000/31/EC (E-Commerce Directive) is the legal basis governing the liability of Internet Services Providers (ISPs) in the EU Member States and includes a conditional safe harbour. Not all Member States have transposed the relevant articles consistently, leading to divergent national case law that could cause legal insecurity on an EU level.
Safe harbours for intermediaries of the e-Commerce Directive are incorporated into Austrian national law by the e-Commerce Act. Section V of the legislation provides for an exclusion from the liability regime, under certain circumstances, for:
- Mere access providers (Section 13).
- Search engine services (Section 14).
- Caching providers (Section 15).
- Hosting providers (Section 16).
- Link providers (Section 17).

According to the Ordinance of the Federal Minister of Transport, Innovation and Technology on the procedures for identifying participants (Federal Law Bulletin II No. 7/2019), all mobile value cards in Austria must be registered. It is mandatory to register the following data: first name, last name, academic degree and date of birth. Customers can register in person with their mobile operator, for which an official ID is necessary. It is also possible to register online, which requires the customer to take a photo of themselves and their ID. Holders of an Austrian bank account can also register via said account. Companies must register through an authorised representative who must submit a suitable document from the company register.