Georgia has not joined any agreement with binding commitments to open transfers of data across borders.

According to Art. 22 of Law No. 1791, any applicant lacking a residence or registered legal address within Georgia must appoint a Georgian patent attorney to represent before the National Intellectual Property Centre of Georgia (Sakpatenti) to enforce the patent.

Georgia is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). However, the country does not consider itself bound by Art. 59 related to disputes.

Georgia has a copyright regime under the Law on Copyright and Related Rights. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, limiting lawful use by others. Chapter III lists exceptions, including the use of a copyrighted work for personal use (Art. 21), reprographic reproduction by libraries (Art. 22), and educational or informational purposes (Art. 23), among others.

It is reported that copyright is not adequately enforced online in Georgia. Online piracy in the country is widespread across various sectors, including the distribution of films, series, music, video games, and software. The prevalence of pirated content negatively impacts numerous stakeholders in the private sector by discouraging both domestic and foreign investments and limiting revenue generation for audiovisual producers and firms involved in post-production and distribution. Moreover, Georgia is reported to have one of the highest global piracy rates, with 91% of software being illegally used.

Georgia is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996 and its 2015 expansion (ITA II).

Georgia is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). However, the country has been an observer of the WTO GPA since 1999.

According to Art. 2.3 of the Law of Georgia on the Investment Activity Promotion and Guarantees, an enterprise with a foreign investment of not less than 25% shall enjoy the same rights as the foreign investor. Despite the reference to the 25% share of ownership, there is no specified maximum limit for the participation of foreign capital.

Art. 24 of Law No. 1791 mandates that patent applications be submitted in the Georgian language. It is reported that in instances where the applicant submits application documents in a foreign language, a Georgian translation must be provided within two months from the date of submission.

According to Art. 22 of Law No. 1791, any applicant lacking a residence or registered legal address within Georgia must appoint a Georgian patent attorney to represent before the National Intellectual Property Centre of Georgia (Sakpatenti) in the application process.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is 18,700 KGS (approx. USD 200).

Kyrgyz Republic lacks a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that applies to online transactions.

Kyrgyz Republic has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.