LEBANON
N/A
Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods |
Indicator Participation in the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and 2015 expansion (ITA II)
Lack of participation in the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and in ITA Expansion Agreement (ITA II)
Lebanon is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II). In fact, the country is not a member of the WTO.
Coverage ICT goods
Sources
- https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/brief_ita_e.htm#:~:text=ITA%20participants%3A%20Australia%3B%20Bahrain%3B,%3B%20Jordan%3B%20Korea%2C%20Rep.
- https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/ita20years_2017_full_e.pdf
- https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/inftec_e/ita_map_e.htm
- https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/inftec_e/itscheds_e.htm
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LEBANON
Since June 1955
Since June 2021, enter into force in July 2022
Since June 2021, enter into force in July 2022
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Exclusion from public procurement
Lebanon Law No. 1/1955 on Israel Boycott
القانون الصادر في 23 حزيران 1955: مقاطعة اسرائيل
Public Procurement Law No. 244/2021
قانون الشراء العام في لبنان 244/2021
القانون الصادر في 23 حزيران 1955: مقاطعة اسرائيل
Public Procurement Law No. 244/2021
قانون الشراء العام في لبنان 244/2021
Art. 1 of the Law on Israel Boycott stipulates that any natural or legal person is prohibited from concluding, either directly or through an intermediary, an agreement with entities or individuals residing in Israel or acting for its benefit, where the subject matter of such agreement concerns commercial dealings, financial transactions, or any other form of transaction whatsoever. Under Art. 7.I.1.i of the Public Procurement Law, foreign bidders are required to submit a statement issued by the Ministry of Economy and Trade attesting to compliance with the provisions of the Law on Israel Boycott.
Coverage Horizontal
TAJIKISTAN
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
Lack of de minimis threshold
Tajikistan does not implement any de minimis threshold, which is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230902024953/https://zonos.com/docs/landed-cost/decoder-guides/landed-cost/de-minimis-values
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240330020414/https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=95469
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231204225946/https://nbt.tj/en/payment_system/
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TAJIKISTAN
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Lack of comprehensive consumer protection law applicable to online commerce
Tajikistan lacks a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that applies to online transactions.
Coverage Horizontal
TAJIKISTAN
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Lack of signature of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Tajikistan has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal
TAJIKISTAN
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Tajikistan has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal
TAJIKISTAN
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Tajikistan has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal
TAJIKISTAN
N/A
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for any activity other than copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place beyond copyright infringement
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability beyond copyright infringement is absent in Tajikistan's law and jurisprudence.
Coverage Internet intermediaries
TAJIKISTAN
Since May 2002, as amended in December 2013
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator User identity requirement
Law on Electric Communication - Act No. 56 (ҚОНУНИ ҶУМҲУРИИ ТОҶИКИСТОН ДАР БОРАИ АЛОҚАИ БАРҚӢ)
According to Art. 21 of the Law on Electric Communication, users are obliged to comply with the rules established for the use of electric communication services and, when concluding a contract, to present documents confirming the identity of a natural person or the constituent documents of a legal entity. Furthermore, pursuant to Art. 20, operators and providers of electric communications services are obliged to conclude contracts directly with natural or legal persons on the basis of identity documents for natural persons or constituent documents for legal persons. It should be noted that according to Art. 2, a natural person must present a passport (registration certificate for stateless persons) and a state registration certificate for legal persons. Services of electric communication are defined as the product of activities of the operator and provider for acceptance, transfer, and processing of signals and other types of information through networks of electric communication.
Coverage Electric communications services
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240330020425/http://mmk.tj/system/files/Legislation/56_tj.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240330020430/https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=2232
- https://cabar.asia/en/sim-card-re-registering-in-tajikistan-hundreds-of-thousands-of-citizens-could-be-deprived-of-mobile-connection
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TAJIKISTAN
Reported in 2021, last reported in 2023
Pillar Content access |
Indicator Blocking or filtering of commercial web content
Blocking of commercial web content
In 2023, the government reportedly restricted online content on multiple occasions. Authorities blocked access to websites considered sensitive, such as YouTube, Twitter (now X), Facebook, ICQ and IMO, as well as virtual private network (VPN) connections, including those of diplomatic missions and international companies; they also severely limited Internet access to other websites. Security services reportedly subpoenaed VPN users to interrogate them about their online activities. In addition, it is estimated that between 2021 and 2022, more than 122,000 domains were blocked.
Coverage Websites
TAJIKISTAN
Reported in 2024
Pillar Content access |
Indicator Presence of Internet shutdowns
Presence of Internet shutdowns
The indicator "6.2.4 - Government Internet shut down in practice" of the V-Dem Dataset, which measures whether the government has the technical capacity to actively make internet service cease, thus interrupting domestic access to the internet or whether the government has decided to do so, has a score of 1 in Tajikistan for the year 2023. This corresponds to "The government shut down domestic access to the Internet numerous times this year."
Coverage Horizontal
TAJIKISTAN
Reported in 2023
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Open and transparent standard-setting process
Lack of a transparent standards regime
It is reported that TajikStandard, the government agency responsible for certifying goods and services and supervising compliance with state standards, lacks experts and appropriate equipment. TajikStandard does not publish its fees for licenses and certificates or its regulatory requirements.
Coverage Horizontal
TAJIKISTAN
N/A
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Self-certification for product safety
Third party-certification from CABs from a number of countries with MRA accepted
It is reported that Tajik laws and standards impose mandatory requirements for certification of safety, consumer health, environmental protection and reduction of the potential for damage to consumer property for certain products and services. Products requiring such certification include electronic and radio equipment (to test for electrical and magnetic compatibility and safety).
It is reported that, since 2014, Tajikistan has recognised third-party conformity assessments carried out overseas by reciprocity. They are mainly from the Commonwealth of Independent States countries, with which Tajikistan has signed mutual recognition agreements, and Uzbekistan is under a bilateral agreement. However, it is reported that third-party conformity assessments are not always accepted in practice
It is reported that, since 2014, Tajikistan has recognised third-party conformity assessments carried out overseas by reciprocity. They are mainly from the Commonwealth of Independent States countries, with which Tajikistan has signed mutual recognition agreements, and Uzbekistan is under a bilateral agreement. However, it is reported that third-party conformity assessments are not always accepted in practice
Coverage Electronic products
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230330083547/https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/TPR/S399R1.pdf&Open=True
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240714094302/https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/G/IT/W17R28.pdf&Open=True
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220815074551/https://www.export.gov/apex/article2?id=Tajikistan-Trade-Standards
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220926222729/https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=75859
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230916213441/https://unece.org/DAM/trade/Publications/ECE_TRADE_450_NTFR-Tajikistan.pdf
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TAJIKISTAN
Since August 2018
Pillar Domestic data policies |
Indicator Framework for data protection
Data Protection Law - Act No. 1537 (ҚОНУНИ ҶУМҲУРИИ ТОҶИКИСТОН ДАР БОРАИ ҲИФЗИ МАЪЛУМОТИ ШАХСӢ)
Act No. 1537 provides a comprehensive regime of data protection in Tajikistan.
Coverage Horizontal
TAJIKISTAN
N/A
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place for copyright infringements
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability for copyright infringement is absent in Tajikistan's law and jurisprudence.
Coverage Internet intermediaries
