Although the Japan Union is a signatory to the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), its coverage schedules do not include telecommunications-related services (CPC 754) and only partially cover telecommunications services (CPC 752), which are important service sectors for digital trade.

According to Arts. 4 and 6 of Act No. 85 of 1984, foreigners' aggregate ownership cannot exceed one-third of the aggregate voting rights of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT), which holds all the issued shares of NTT-East and NTT-West.

Under the Companies Act (Act No. 86 of 2005) and the Ordinance for Enforcement of the Companies Act (Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice No. 12 of 2006), residency requirements are imposed on the members of the board of directors of joint-stock corporations (Kabushiki Kaisha), which are considered the predominant entities in Japan. Specifically, at least one director and one executive officer with the right of representation must maintain an address and reside in Japan. This regulation pertains to joint-stock companies.

Japan has implemented foreign direct investment (FDI) screening mechanisms through the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act (Act No. 228 of 1949), supplemented by procedural regulations such as the Cabinet Order on Inward Direct Investment. Under this Act, foreign investors in "Designated Business Sectors" or "Core Business Sectors" are required to submit a prior notification to the relevant ministry. After reviewing the notification, the ministry may either approve, amend, or suspend the proposed investment.
According to the Cabinet Order on Inward Direct Investment, "Core Business Sectors" include industries where foreign investors (e.g., non-residents or foreign corporations) must file prior notification for direct investment, such as acquiring 1% or more of voting rights in a listed company or purchasing shares in an unlisted company. These sectors, considered highly sensitive, are generally not exempt from prior notification requirements due to national security concerns.
The List of Classifications of Listed Companies outlines core business sectors such as semiconductors and dual-use technologies, metal mining of significant mineral resources, cybersecurity-related services (e.g., network security monitoring and critical infrastructure protection), and telecommunications. Non-core business sectors include software, data processing services, and internet-use support businesses.

According to Arts. 8 and 184-11 of the Patent Act, the appointment of an agent is required if the applicant is not resident in Japan. Such an agent must be a resident of Japan or a firm registered to practice before the Japan Patent Office. In addition, pursuant to the Art. 184-4, translation of international applications is required into Japanese.

Japan is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

Japan has a copyright regime under the Copyright Act. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, therefore limiting the lawful use of copyrighted work by others. Arts. 30-50 list the exceptions, which include which include quoting and thereby exploiting a work that has been made public. In such a case, the work must be cited consistent with fair practices and within a scope that is justified for the purpose of news reporting, critique, study, or another place in which the work is quoted; to broadcast or cablecast a work that has been made public, in broadcast or cablecast programming for schools that conforms to the curriculum standards provided for in laws and regulations on school education; among others.

Jamaica has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Jamaica has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

It is reported that the market approval of products with radio technologies in Jamaica is granted by the Spectrum Management Authority (SMA). The SMA certification is a national certification scheme, which is based on the specifications of a Conformité Européenne (CE), marking according to the Radio Equipment Directive (RED) and a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) certification. However, it is reported that typically one sample of the product is required for approval requests in Jamaica.
Tests and certificates that have already been issued for CE marking and FCC certification can be reused for SMA certification. Type approval for Radio Communication equipment in Jamaica is done by recognition of type approval test reports which are prepared according to international standards. However, technical documents must be reviewed and validated by the Bureau of Standards Jamaica.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 50, below the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

The Electronic Transactions Act and The Consumer Protection Act provide a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions

Jamaica has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

It is reported that the Office of Utilities Regulation, the executive authority for the supervision and administration of services in the telecommunications sector, is independent from the government in the decision-making process.