Armenia has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

Armenia has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.

Armenia lacks a comprehensive framework in place that provides effective protection of trade secrets, but there are limited measures addressing some issues related to them. Under Art. 141 of the Civil Code, information qualifies as a commercial secret when it has actual or potential commercial value by virtue of being unknown to third persons, is not freely accessible on a lawful basis, and is subject to measures taken by its holder to preserve its confidentiality. Such information is protected under the Civil Code and other statutes, and persons who unlawfully obtain it are required to compensate for any resulting losses.
Furthermore, pursuant to Art. 1164 of the Code, the legal protection of undisclosed information—including technical, organisational, or commercial information such as production secrets or know-how—arises when the conditions in Art. 141 are met, regardless of whether any formalities, such as registration or certification, have been completed. Art. 1165 further establishes that any person who, without legal grounds, obtains, discloses, or uses such information must compensate the lawful holder for the losses caused by its illegal use.

It is reported that there is an obligation for passive infrastructure sharing in Armenia to deliver telecom services to end users. It is reported that infrastructure sharing is practised in the mobile sector based on commercial agreements.
According to Art. 25 of Law No. HO-176-N of 2005 on Electronic Communications, dominant operators holding a line facility are required to lease their capacity to other operators on equal and non-discriminatory terms. They must publish information on the location and available capacity of their line facilities and respond to written requests for leasing within 14 days. The law further obliges dominant operators to ensure that all conditions and requirements for the use of a line facility are identical across all operators, thereby preventing preferential treatment. Under Art. 2 of the law, a “line facility” is defined as the part of a public electronic communications network permanently attached to the land or the bottom of a body of water, including, but not limited to, cables, wires, conduits, ducts, radio towers or pole attachments, and the necessary cross-connections.

The government holds a 20% minority stake in Viva Armenia, the country’s major mobile operator. This shareholding originated in 2024, when Fedilco Group Limited, having acquired Viva Armenia from the Russia-based MTS, transferred a 20% stake to the Armenian government as a gift. Although the government has reportedly expressed plans to divest this share, it currently retains ownership.

Armenia imposes functional and accounting separation obligations on operators with SMP-equivalent status, referred to in the Law on Electronic Communications as operators holding a “dominant position.” Under Arts. 22–23, the regulator determines which operators or service providers are dominant in the relevant electronic communications markets. Pursuant to Art. 36(2), each dominant operator must maintain separate accounts in a form that enables the regulator to assess compliance with interconnection obligations. In addition, Art. 24 empowers the regulator to require dominant operators or dominant service providers to provide competitive services through fully separated subsidiaries or affiliates, to implement structural separation between dominant and competitive activities, and to adopt other separation safeguards where necessary to protect competition.

Armenia has not appended the World Trade Organization (WTO) Telecom Reference Paper to its schedule of commitments.

The Public Service Regulatory Commission of the Republic of Armenia (PSRC), established under the Law on Public Services Regulation of 2003, serves as the executive authority responsible for supervising and administering telecommunications services. The PSRC is reportedly independent from the government in its decision-making processes.

Section I, Clause 3 of Government Decree No. 1521-N prescribes obligations for the official websites of governmental agencies. Although the provision does not explicitly mandate that such websites be hosted within the territory of the Republic of Armenia, it strongly implies this requirement through several stipulations. Specifically, it designates hosting to be undertaken by state bodies, internet service providers operating within Armenia, or the National Security Service (RA NSS). In addition, the requirement for prior coordination and approval by the RA NSS for both hosting and publication indicates that hosting should remain under the jurisdiction of Armenian authorities. The decree neither references nor provides exceptions for hosting outside the Republic of Armenia.

Section 3 of Decision No. 884‑L stipulates that, where state information systems, data, and information under the control of public administration bodies are hosted in a cloud environment located outside Armenia, a backup copy must be retained within Armenia, using the minimum necessary server infrastructure. In addition, Section 9 of the Annex provides that, when selecting a cloud environment for hosting an official website, preference shall, all other conditions being equal, be given to server infrastructure located within Armenia.

Armenia is a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). Its GPA commitments include full coverage of computer and related services (CPC 84). However, Armenia’s commitments do not cover other service sectors that are particularly relevant for digital trade. In particular, the country covers only part of the activities falling under CPC 752 (telecommunications services) and does not cover CPC 754 (telecommunications-related services).

The legal framework regulating foreign investment in Armenia is set out in the Law of the Republic of Armenia on Foreign Investments. Under Art. 6, foreign investments must not be treated less favourably than the property, property rights, and investment activities of citizens, enterprises, institutions, and organisations of Armenia. Art. 6.3 provides that, for national security reasons, the Republic of Armenia may specify areas in which the activities of foreign investors and enterprises with foreign participation are restricted or prohibited. Nevertheless, Armenia is reported to impose few restrictions on foreign control, and foreign nationals face no limitations on acquiring, establishing, or disposing of business interests in the country, while business registration procedures are generally straightforward.

Armenia is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

It is reported that the Eurasian Economic Union, which includes Armenia, imposed definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of aluminium strip (HS code subheadings 7606.11.91.00, 7606.12.20.09 and 7606.12.92.09) originating in Azerbaijan and China on 24 October 2020. The duty rate applicable to imports from Azerbaijan was set at 16.18%, while the corresponding rate for imports from China was established at 13.14%. On 17 October 2025, the Eurasian Economic Union published a notice extending the application of these definitive duties until 29 June 2026. These products are used to manufacture components for ICT goods, including heat sinks, printed circuit boards (PCBs), charging cables, HDMI cables, and displays.