The State of Palestine is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II). In fact, the country is not a member of the WTO.

According to Art. 24 of the Public Procurement Law, the procuring entity, the General Supplies Department or the Central Tenders Department can only apply the international bidding method in the following cases:
(i) where the procurement is of a special or complex nature, as determined by the procuring entity;
(ii) where the required supplies, works or services are not available locally at competitive prices and with the required quality; or
(iii) where no bids have been submitted by local bidders after all procurement methods permitted by law have been exhausted.

According to Art. 8 of the Public Procurement Law, the Council for Public Procurement Policies must give preference to local Palestinian products, contractors and consultants, and apply a preference margin for Palestinian producers and contractors when evaluating bids in international tenders. Annex (B) of Cabinet Decision No. (5) of 2014 on Public Procurement Regulations further provides that, for works contracts, procuring entities must grant a 7.5% margin of preference to domestic contractors, subject to specified conditions. Contractors seeking this preference are required to submit qualification data, including ownership information, to enable verification of their status as “domestic contractors” under the relevant classification.

It is reported that, although the public procurement law entered into force in 2014, it remains at a relatively early stage of implementation, and concerns persist regarding its integrity and transparency safeguards. The High Council for Public Procurement Policy reportedly continues to face challenges, including frequent requests from certain entities for exemptions to conduct direct procurement. Decisions of the Council of Ministers on tenders are also not systematically communicated to the High Council, hindering the consolidation of procurement data on the designated portal and delaying the implementation of an e-procurement strategy. Moreover, many government contracts involving the use of public resources, such as telecommunications, are reportedly not awarded through competitive tenders, and the resulting contracts with private operators have not been published.

The State of Palestine is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). In fact, the country is not a member of the WTO.

According to Art. 3 of the Law on the Encouragement of Investment in Palestine, any Investor may invest in any sector of the Palestinian economy, unless it contravenes other laws.

According to Art. 38 of the Patent Law, every patent has the same legal effect against the Government as against any other person. However, any ministry may use a patented invention under conditions agreed with the patent holder and approved by the Minister of Finance or, in the absence of agreement, under conditions determined by the Minister of Justice or by a judge appointed for that purpose.

The State of Palestine is not a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

Norway has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

Only Norwegian organisations and private individuals over the age of 18 can subscribe to a Norwegian domain name. Organisations must be registered with the Central Coordinating Register for Legal Entities (Enhetsregisteret), and individuals must be registered in the National Population Register with a national identity number. Further, all subscribers must have a Norwegian postal address.

The Act on the Processing of Personal Data (Personal Data Act) implements the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union in Norway. Art. 27 of the GDPR requires a local representative for data controllers or processors not established in the EU.

Act No. 35 establishes a comprehensive framework for consumer protection, which is applicable to online transactions. Moreover, consumer purchases made via the Internet are regulated by the Act Relating to Consumer Purchases, which implemented Directive 1999/44/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 25 May 1999 concerning certain aspects of the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees (this directive was subsequently repealed and replaced by Directive (EU) 2019/771 of the European Parliament and the Council of 20 May 2019 on certain aspects relating to contracts for the sale of goods). Chapters 5 and 6 of the Act Relating to Consumer Purchases, for instance, delineate consumer rights in cases of late delivery and with respect to defective goods. Furthermore, Regulation No. 910/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market (eIDAS) has been fully incorporated into Norwegian law through the Act on Electronic Trust Services (LOV-2018-06-15-44).

Norway has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Norway has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Since the implementation of Regulation No. 1076 of 15 August 2014, Norway imposes extensive export and import controls on Russia, which have significantly expanded in response to the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. A key element of these measures is the amendment introduced by Regulation No. 1076 of 15 August 2014, as modified in March 2022 (FOR-2022-03-18-410). This regulation prohibits the export, sale, supply, or transfer of various goods and technologies to Russia, including:
- The prohibition on the export, import, and transport of defence-related goods (Art. 15);
- The prohibition on the export of multi-use goods and technologies (Art. 16);
- The prohibition on the export of goods and technologies listed in Annex IX (Art. 16a);
- The prohibition on the export of goods for use in the aeronautical or space industry, as listed in Annex XII (Art. 17c);
- The prohibition on the export of goods and technologies intended for maritime navigation (Art. 17d).