PALESTINE
Since December 1952
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Practical or legal restrictions related to the enforcement of patents
Patents Law No. 22 of 1953
قانون امتيازات الإختراعات رقم ( 22 ) لسنة 1953
قانون امتيازات الإختراعات رقم ( 22 ) لسنة 1953
According to Art. 38 of the Patent Law, every patent has the same legal effect against the Government as against any other person. However, any ministry may use a patented invention under conditions agreed with the patent holder and approved by the Minister of Finance or, in the absence of agreement, under conditions determined by the Minister of Justice or by a judge appointed for that purpose.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250525054932/https://trademarks.mne.gov.ps/page.aspx?page_key=TMlegislations&lang=ar
- https://web.archive.org/web/20251009084010/https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-investment-climate-statements/west-bank-and-gaza/
- https://paltrade.org/uploads/16080491411253702946.pdf
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PALESTINE
N/A
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Participation in the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
Lack of participation in the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
The State of Palestine is not a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).
Coverage Horizontal
PALESTINE
Since December 1911, in force since March 1924
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Copyright law with clear exceptions
Copyright Law No. 46 of 1911
قانون حقوق الطبع والتأليف رقم (46) لسنة 1911م
قانون حقوق الطبع والتأليف رقم (46) لسنة 1911م
The primary copyright framework applicable in the State of Palestine is the British Copyright Act 1911, which has been in force there since 1924. Pursuant to Art. 2 of the British Copyright Act 1911, copyright is not infringed by fair dealing with a work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review, or the preparation of a newspaper summary.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
PALESTINE
Reported in 2019, last reported in 2025
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Enforcement of copyright online
Lack of adequate enforcement of copyright online
It is reported that the country's intellectual property framework is outdated and weakly enforced, with particularly limited enforcement of IPR rules in relation to music and audiovisual works.
Coverage Horizontal
PALESTINE
N/A
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Adoption of the WIPO Copyright Treaty
Lack of signature of the WIPO Copyright Treaty
The State of Palestine has not signed the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.
Coverage Horizontal
PALESTINE
N/A
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Adoption of the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
Lack of signature of the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
The State of Palestine has not signed the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.
Coverage Horizontal
PALESTINE
ITA signatory?
I
II
Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods |
Indicator Effective tariff rate on ICT goods (applied weighted average)
Effective tariff rate to ICT goods (applied weighted average)
N/A%
Coverage rate of zero-tariffs on ICT goods (%)
N/A%
Coverage: ICT goods
Sources
- http://wits.worldbank.org/WITS/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20260108191802/https://bcdesk.eu/en/node/4199
- https://web.archive.org/web/20260108191809/https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/FE_Search/FE_S_S009-Html.aspx?Id=69359&BoxNumber=3&DocumentPartNumber=1&Language=E&HasEnglishRecord=True&HasFrenchRecord=Tr...
- https://web.archive.org/web/20251209070811/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/960071513228856631/pdf/ACS22471-REVISED-Palestine-Trade-Note-Web.pdf
- https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/brief_ita_e.htm#:~:text=ITA%20participants%3A%20Australia%3B%20Bahrain%3B,%3B%20Jordan%3B%20Korea%2C%20Rep.
- https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/ita20years_2017_full_e.pdf
- https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/inftec_e/ita_map_e.htm
- https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/inftec_e/itscheds_e.htm
NORWAY
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Norway has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal
NORWAY
Since August 2014, as amended in March 2022, last amended in November 2024
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Export restrictions on ICT goods or online services
Regulations on Restrictive Measures Regarding Actions that Undermine or Threaten the Territorial Integrity, Sovereignty, Independence, and Stability of Ukraine (Forskrift om restriktive tiltak vedrørende handlinger som undergraver eller truer Ukrainas territorielle integritet, suverenitet, uavhengighet og stabilitet)
Since the implementation of Regulation No. 1076 of 15 August 2014, Norway imposes extensive export and import controls on Russia, which have significantly expanded in response to the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. A key element of these measures is the amendment introduced by Regulation No. 1076 of 15 August 2014, as modified in March 2022 (FOR-2022-03-18-410). This regulation prohibits the export, sale, supply, or transfer of various goods and technologies to Russia, including:
- The prohibition on the export, import, and transport of defence-related goods (Art. 15);
- The prohibition on the export of multi-use goods and technologies (Art. 16);
- The prohibition on the export of goods and technologies listed in Annex IX (Art. 16a);
- The prohibition on the export of goods for use in the aeronautical or space industry, as listed in Annex XII (Art. 17c);
- The prohibition on the export of goods and technologies intended for maritime navigation (Art. 17d).
- The prohibition on the export, import, and transport of defence-related goods (Art. 15);
- The prohibition on the export of multi-use goods and technologies (Art. 16);
- The prohibition on the export of goods and technologies listed in Annex IX (Art. 16a);
- The prohibition on the export of goods for use in the aeronautical or space industry, as listed in Annex XII (Art. 17c);
- The prohibition on the export of goods and technologies intended for maritime navigation (Art. 17d).
Coverage Dual-use items
NORWAY
Since March 2017
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Self-certification for product safety
The Regulations on Electromagnetic Compatibility (2017) (Forskrift om EØS-krav til elektromagnetisk kompatibilitet (EMC) for utstyr til elektronisk kommunikasjon)
The Regulations on Electromagnetic Compatibility (2017) implement Directive 2014/30/EU of the European Parliament and the Council in Norway. Chapter 4 establishes a self-certification mechanism, which is fully detailed in Annex II of the regulations.
Coverage Electromagnetic capability technologies
NORWAY
Reported in 2021, last reported in 2023
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
Low de minimis threshold
It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is NOK 350 (approx. USD 32), below the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). However, there is an exception to this rule, which comes from the VAT on E-Commerce (VOEC) scheme. Under this scheme, online retailers who export more than 50,000 NOK (approx. 4591 USD) worth of low-value goods (less than 3000 NOK, approx. 275 USD) into Norway annually are exempt from paying customs duty and instead must charge VAT at point-of-sale and register with the Norwegian Tax Administration, as if they were a Norwegian retailer. In effect, this creates a de minimis threshold of 3000 NOK for which customs duties are no longer imposed.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230925125931/https://www.toll.no/en/online-shopping/350-limit/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231216045536/https://www.toll.no/en/online-shopping/e-commerce---what-changed-on-1-april/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231129210310/https://zonos.com/docs/guides/de-minimis-values#de-minimis-values-per-country
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NORWAY
Since November 2003
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Restrictions on domain names
Requirements for registration of Norwegian domain names
Only Norwegian organisations and private individuals over the age of 18 can subscribe to a Norwegian domain name. Organisations must be registered with the Central Coordinating Register for Legal Entities (Enhetsregisteret), and individuals must be registered in the National Population Register with a national identity number. Further, all subscribers must have a Norwegian postal address.
Coverage Horizontal
NORWAY
Since June 2018, entry into force in July 2018
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Local presence requirements for digital services providers
Act on the processing of personal data (Personal Data Act) (Lov om behandling av personopplysninger (personopplysningsloven))
The Act on the Processing of Personal Data (Personal Data Act) implements the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union in Norway. Art. 27 of the GDPR requires a local representative for data controllers or processors not established in the EU.
Coverage Horizontal
NORWAY
Since May 2003, entry into force in July 2003
Since June 2002, entry into force in July 2002, last amended in June 2024
Since June 2018, last amended in June 2024
Since June 2002, entry into force in July 2002, last amended in June 2024
Since June 2018, last amended in June 2024
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Act No. 35 Relating to Certain Aspects of Electronic Commerce and Other Information Services (Electronic Commerce Act) (Lov om visse sider av elektronisk handel og andre informasjonssamfunnstjenester (ehandelsloven))
Act Relating to Consumer Purchases (Lov om forbrukerkjøp (forbrukerkjøpsloven))
Act on Electronic Trust Services (LOV-2018-06-15-44) (Lov om elektroniske tillitstjenester (LOV-2018-06-15-44))
Act Relating to Consumer Purchases (Lov om forbrukerkjøp (forbrukerkjøpsloven))
Act on Electronic Trust Services (LOV-2018-06-15-44) (Lov om elektroniske tillitstjenester (LOV-2018-06-15-44))
Act No. 35 establishes a comprehensive framework for consumer protection, which is applicable to online transactions. Moreover, consumer purchases made via the Internet are regulated by the Act Relating to Consumer Purchases, which implemented Directive 1999/44/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 25 May 1999 concerning certain aspects of the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees (this directive was subsequently repealed and replaced by Directive (EU) 2019/771 of the European Parliament and the Council of 20 May 2019 on certain aspects relating to contracts for the sale of goods). Chapters 5 and 6 of the Act Relating to Consumer Purchases, for instance, delineate consumer rights in cases of late delivery and with respect to defective goods. Furthermore, Regulation No. 910/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market (eIDAS) has been fully incorporated into Norwegian law through the Act on Electronic Trust Services (LOV-2018-06-15-44).
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230927083835/https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2003-05-23-35
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230131142640/https://lovdata.no/dokument/NLE/lov/2002-06-21-34
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241115210132/https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2018-06-15-44?q=elektroniske%20tillitstjenester
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231206012248/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A31999L0044
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230930162907/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/910/oj
- https://unctad.org/page/cyberlaw-tracker-country-detail?country=no
- https://web.archive.org/web/20210622133858/https://www.forbrukertilsynet.no/english/guidelines/standard-sales-conditions-consumer-purchases-of-goods-the-internet
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240219152642/https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/5ddd5d95-7c24-4356-960a-cd30dc79cbbf_en?filename=national-consumer-organisations_no_listing.pdf
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NORWAY
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Lack of signature of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Norway has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal
