NORWAY
Since January 2017, last amended on March 2024
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Exclusion from public procurement
Regulations on public procurement (procurement regulations) - Lov om offentlige anskaffelser (anskaffelsesloven)
The Public Procurement Act grants rights to engage in public procurement only to those public and private enterprises "as defined in international agreements to which Norway is bound". This restricts public procurement to partners in regional trade agreements and members of the WTO's Government Procurement Agreement.
Coverage Horizontal
NORWAY
Reported in 2023, last reported in 2024
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Exclusion from public procurement
Ban on TikTok and Telegram
In March 2023, Norway's parliament (Storting) banned TikTok and Telegram from all work devices with access to parliamentary systems, following a similar decision by the government earlier that week. The move was based on recommendations from the National Security Authority (NSM), which cited security concerns related to data access and potential foreign influence. The ban applies to members of parliament and staff, who were instructed to remove the apps promptly. Additionally, the city governments of Oslo and Bergen urged municipal employees to delete TikTok from their work phones. These actions align Norway with other Western governments implementing similar restrictions on the Chinese-owned platform.
Coverage TikTok and Telegram
Sources
- https://www.sciencenorway.no/china-politics-security/top-politicians-are-not-allowed-to-have-tiktok-on-their-phones-but-why/2176975?utm_source=chatgpt.com
- https://www.thelocal.no/20230324/norwegian-parliament-joins-the-government-in-tiktok-ban
- https://time.com/6971009/tiktok-banned-restrictions-worldwide-countries-united-states-law/
- https://www.context.news/big-tech/us-tiktok-ban-which-other-countries-have-banned-the-app
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NIGERIA
Since November 2020
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Local presence requirements for digital services providers
Nigeria Data Protection Regulation 2019: Implementation Framework
According to Section 3.5 of the Implementation Framework of the Nigeria Data Protection Regulation, multinational corporations with a subsidiary in Nigeria are mandated to appoint a dedicated Data Protection Officer (DPO) who resides in Nigeria and has direct access to the organisation's management team in the country. This requirement applies to organisations classified as data controllers under any of the following conditions:
- The entity is a governmental body, ministry, department, institution, or agency;
- The organisation’s core activities involve the processing of personal data relating to more than 10,000 data subjects annually;
- The organisation routinely processes sensitive personal data as part of its operations; or
- The organisation holds critical national information infrastructure, as defined under the Cybercrimes Act or any subsequent amendments, which includes personal data.
- The entity is a governmental body, ministry, department, institution, or agency;
- The organisation’s core activities involve the processing of personal data relating to more than 10,000 data subjects annually;
- The organisation routinely processes sensitive personal data as part of its operations; or
- The organisation holds critical national information infrastructure, as defined under the Cybercrimes Act or any subsequent amendments, which includes personal data.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220806211310/https://taxtech.com.ng/download/Nigeria%20Data%20Protection%20Regulation%202019%20Implementation%20Framework.pdf
- https://iclg.com/practice-areas/data-protection-laws-and-regulations/nigeria
- https://www.dataguidance.com/notes/nigeria-data-protection-overview
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NIGERIA
Reported in 2023
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Local presence requirements for digital services providers
Local presence requirement for digital companies
It is reported that the Nigerian government is increasingly “encouraging” digital companies to establish a physical presence in the country. In 2023, a digital firm, which had its access to the Nigerian web space revoked for an unrelated matter, was required to set up a local office as part of the negotiations to regain its access.
Coverage Horizontal
NIGERIA
Since 2018
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act, 2018
The Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act, 2018 provides the general framework for consumer protection in Nigeria. However, it is reported that the non-existence of a law on electronic transactions in Nigeria has created an unpredictable legal environment for e-commerce.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20211230153419/https://placng.org/i/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Federal-Competition-and-Consumer-Protection-Act-2018.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231206142209/https://www.gelias.com/images/Newsletter/Electronic_Signatures_in_Capital_Market_Transactions_-_Moving_Forward.pdf
- https://www.interesjournals.org/full-articles/the-problems-and-prospects-of-e-transaction-the-nigerian-perspective.pdf?view=inline
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NIGERIA
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Lack of signature of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Nigeria has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal
NIGERIA
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Nigeria has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal
NIGERIA
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Nigeria has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal
NIGERIA
Since January 2019
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Restrictions on encryption standards
Lawful Interception of Communications Regulations, 2019
In Nigeria, the law sets out the conditions for the interception of encrypted communications, including the power to require licensees to provide relevant security agencies with the key, code, or access to the protected or encrypted communication. Rule 9 of the Lawful Interception of Communications Regulations states that, notwithstanding any other law in force, no licensee shall provide any communications services which cannot be monitored and intercepted. Rule 10 of the Regulations stipulates that, when required by the Commission, the companies licensed have to install interception capabilities that allow or permit the interception of communications. Rule 16 states that a licensee failing to comply with the provisions of these Regulations shall be liable to a fine, or the commission may revoke the license.
Coverage Telecommunication sector
NIGERIA
Since August 2011
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Restrictions on online payments
Guidelines on Point-of-Sale Card Acceptance Services by the Central Bank of Nigeria, 2011
According to Section 4.4.8 of the Guidelines on Point-of-Sale Card Acceptance Services, all domestic transactions in Nigeria, including but not limited to POS and ATM transactions, must be switched using the services of a local switch and shall not under any circumstance be routed outside Nigeria for switching between Nigerian issuers and acquirers.
Coverage Financial transactions
NIGERIA
Since June 2014
Since May 2022
Since May 2022
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Restrictions on online payments
Guidelines on International Money Transfer Services of June 2014
According to Section 3.6.1 of the Guidelines on International Money Transfer Services, there is a limit of USD 2,000 per transaction for foreign transfers, subject to periodic review by the Central Bank of Nigeria. It is reported that entrepreneurs are not able to accept credit card payments over the Internet due to legal and business concerns.
Coverage Online payments
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230919041924/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2014/BPSD/Guidelines%20on%20International%20Money%20Transfer%20Services%20in%20Nigeria%20Approved%20d.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240712181542/https://www.interesjournals.org/articles/the-problems-and-prospects-of-etransaction-the-nigerian-perspective.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20221011100252/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2022/CCD/circular%20NIP%20limit.pdf
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NIGERIA
Reported in 2022, until July 2023
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Restrictions on online payments
Restrictions on foreign currency spending
It is reported that Nigerian banks have reduced the monthly international spending limit on debit cards in Nigerian naira. The monthly dollar spending limit went from USD 100 to between USD 50-20 per month (depending on the month). Therefore, customers cannot use their naira debit cards to pay for transactions of more than USD 20 or USD 50 per month. In addition, some banks suspended international ATMs and point of sales (POS) transactions. In late 2022, this restriction was partially lifted by allowing purchases in USD through selected platforms such as Paystack.
Coverage Online payments
Sources
- https://www.accountingshock.com/2022-card-cross-border-transaction-limit-for-first-bank/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20221104082343/https://techcabal.com/2022/04/25/naira-debit-cards-may-never-work-again-for-dollar-payments/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220517185207/https://paystack.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360009881440-Pay-with-Card
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241115195930/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/609901-wema-bank-lifts-suspension-on-international-transaction-on-naira-cards.html?tztc=1
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NIGERIA
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
Lack of de minimis threshold
Nigeria does not implement any de minimis threshold, which is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties. However, it is reported that there is an informal threshold of USD 250.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240303200229/https://zonos.com/docs/guides/de-minimis-values#de-minimis-values-per-country
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230328185210/http://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/facilitation/activities-and-programmes/ecommerce/case-study/nigeria_case-study-on-cross_border-eco...
NIGERIA
Reported in 2022, last reported in 2023
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Licensing requirements for ICT imports
It is reported that importers of foreign technology must obtain a certificate from the National Office of Technology Acquisition and Promotion (NOTAP). One of the prerequisites for obtaining the certificate is the provision of a Technology Transfer Agreement duly approved by NOTAP.
Coverage ICT goods
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230929161254/https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-investment-climate-statements/nigeria/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230601204341/https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-investment-climate-statements/nigeria/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220322135118/https://www.notap.gov.ng/new_dev/requirements-for-the-registration-of-technology-transfer-agreements/
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NIGERIA
Reported in 2015, last reported in 2024
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Complaints about import procedures
It is reported that importers complain about inconsistent application of customs regulations and lengthy clearance procedures, often due to outdated manual processing systems and corruption. These factors sometimes contribute to product deterioration and result in significant losses for importers. Disputes among Nigerian Government agencies over the interpretation of regulations often cause delays, and frequent changes in customs guidelines slow the movement of goods through Nigerian ports.
Coverage Horizontal
