Türkiye is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996 but is not a signatory of its 2015 expansion (ITA II).

In July 2021, the Turkish authorities imposed a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of stainless steel welded pipes, tubes and profiles (HS:560311) from Vietnam. These products can be used for server cabinets, racks for network equipment, structures for telecommunications antennas, as well as to manufacture machinery and equipment used in the production of ICT goods. The rate of the duty ranges from 19.64% to 25%, depending on the company.

Circular No. 2019/12 provides that data of public institutions and organisations should not be stored in cloud storage services except for the institutions’ own private systems or local service providers controlled by the institutions.

It is reported that Türkiye frequently issues regulations that exempt urgent projects and procurements from requirements of the Turkish Public Tender Law, allowing entities to conduct tenders or negotiations on an invitational basis. While these exempted tenders technically are open to foreign as well as domestic firms, it is reported that, in practice, few of these have been awarded to foreign firms unless they were offering goods or services that were urgently needed and not available in Türkiye.

According to Art. 63 of the Public Procurement Law, it is possible for contracting authorities to insert provisions to the tender documents indicating that the tender is exclusively open to domestic tenderers.

Since February 2014, amendments to the Public Procurement Code have introduced defined local preference margins for medium- and high-technology products in Türkiye, replacing the previously discretionary application of such margins by issuing authorities. Art. 63 of the Turkish Public Procurement Code, as amended by Art. 74 of Law No. 7033 on the Amendment of Certain Laws and Decrees to Support the Development of Industry and Production, establishes the following provisions:
- Bidders offering domestic products in goods procurement may receive a price advantage of up to 15%. Additionally, a mandatory 15% price advantage is granted to bidders supplying domestic products identified as medium- or high-technology by the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology. These products are selected based on recommendations from relevant institutions and included in an annually published list. The initial list, published in January 2015, included 2,139 items such as computers, mobile phones, and televisions.
- For construction projects, ministries may require that all or part of the machinery, materials, equipment, and software used are sourced domestically, based on technological classifications.
Furthermore, the eligibility criteria for a "domestic product" benefiting from these preference margins were detailed in September 2014 in Art. 4 of the Domestic Goods Communiqué. These criteria include:
- Production by enterprises registered with the Ministry of Industry, with the product listed in the “production content” category of the registration certificate.
- Completion of essential production stages entirely within Türkiye, including final processing.
- A local contribution of at least 51% of the final production cost.

Vanuatu enacted the Electronic Transactions Act No 24 of 2000, drawing upon the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Vanuatu has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

It is reported that the conformity assessment system in Vanuatu accepts the European documentation and test reports for market access. The homologation procedure in Vanuatu requires neither local laboratory testing nor a local representative. There are also no additional requirements concerning product labelling.

Vanuatu applies a limited de minimis threshold, that is, the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties. Pursuant to Art. 23 of the Import Duties (Consolidation) Act (CAP 91), goods imported by post or airfreight for the recipient’s exclusive personal use may be admitted duty-free where the FOB value does not exceed VUV 10,000 (approx. USD 83), while no de minimis applies to other goods.

Vanuatu lacks a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that applies to online transactions.

Vanuatu has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Pursuant to Art. 16 of the Vanuatu Foreign Investment Promotion Act No. 25 of 2019, a foreign investor may not carry out a restricted activity unless it has been issued an investment registration certificate authorising that activity. Under Art. 25, the restricted list of investment activities is set out in Part 3 of the Schedule, which includes advertising and marketing services.

According to Section 2 of Decision 01 of 2020, local importers need to obtain a type approval import permit from the Telecommunications, Radiocommunications & Broadcasting Regulator for the approval of importation, use, and sale of a particular model each time a consignment of relevant equipment is imported to Vanuatu.

Pursuant to Section 12 of the Business License (Amendment) Act No. 35 of 2010, a Category D1 licence is required for businesses that import merchandise with the intention of re-exporting it without substantial transformation. For these purposes, “transformation” refers to the creation of a new good that is distinct from the raw materials used to produce it.