Art. 25 of Law 4412/2016, which regulates public procurement in Greece, provides that participation in public procurement is reserved for local, EU and European Economic Area (EEA) companies and for companies from third countries that are parties to a relevant treaty with Greece or have ratified the WTO Government Procurement Agreement.

Art. 85 of the Utilities Directive (2014/25/EU) contains provisions allowing contracting public entities to reject foreign goods not covered by any EU international commitments from its tender procedures. In these cases, a tender submitted for the award of a supply contract may be rejected where the proportion of the products originating in third countries exceeds 50% of the total value of the products constituting the tender (Art. 85.2). Additionally, in cases of equivalent offers, the provisions provide for a preference for European tenders and tenders covered by EU's international obligations. In practice, this possibility has rarely been used.
In Greece, the Directive has been transposed with Law No. 4412-Public Works contracts, procurement contracts and Services (adaptation to Directives 2014/24/ OJ and 2014/25/EU).

It is reported that the lack of transparency is a challenge for public procurement procedures in Greece, especially for foreign bidders, including with respect to overly narrow definitions of tenders and implicit biases in favour of local vendors and state-owned enterprises. Moreover, there are reports of complaints that Greece tends to require suppliers to source services and production locally or to partner with Greek manufacturers as a condition for the awarding of some contracts in public procurement.

It is reported that the Greek government has not imposed any restrictions on foreign ownership and investment in sectors relevant for digital trade.

The Ghana Standards Authority (GSA), under the Standards Authority Act, 1973, is responsible for conducting conformity assessment activities. The Product Certification Department offers assessment and impartial third-party attestation to confirm that specified requirements have been met. These requirements are typically outlined in standards or other normative documents. Product certification is carried out by certification bodies, which must adhere to ISO IEC 17065.
When telecom equipment dealers import ICT devices into Ghana, they are required to declare the shipment details to the National Communications Authority (NCA) through the Customs system. The NCA then conducts a physical inspection at the ports of entry to ensure that the devices are Type Approved. To facilitate this process, the NCA has established NCA Approval Testing Labs, which include laboratories for Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), Electromagnetic Field (EMF) measurements, Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT), and Radio Frequency and Signalling (RF & Sig) testing.

The law prohibits the sale or provision of encryption or authentication services unless it is compliant with the country’s 2008 Electronic Transactions Act. The National Information Technology Agency is charged with certifying and issuing licenses for encryption and authentication services. Law enforcement officers are also entitled to require access to decryption information and “the reasonable technical and other assistance required for investigation or prosecution”.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is GHS 3,200 (approx. 200 USD).

According to the guidelines for registering domains under the GH2-DOM, for the registration of a ".gh" domain name, the domain administrator must be located in Ghana, and the domain administrator's company should have been registered in Ghana. In addition, domain names registered under the top-level .gh domains should be active within six months after registration.

The Electronic Transactions Act 2008 provides a comprehensive consumer protection framework that applies to online transactions.

Ghana has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Ghana has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Ghana has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

The Data Protection Act 2012 compels data controllers to appoint a data protection officer, also defined as a data protection supervisor. The supervisor is a professional whose role is to monitor the compliance of the data controller in accordance with the provisions of the Act, Section 58.

Under Section 100 of the Electronic Communications Act, the President is permitted to make written requests and issue orders to operators or providers of electronic communications networks or services requiring them to intercept communications, provide any user information or otherwise in aid of law enforcement or national security. The procedure lacks sufficient oversight as the exercise of such powers are exclusively at the President’s discretion.
In addition, under the Electronic Communications Act, the National Communication Authority can at anytime request data collected by data controllers and it is not clear whether a court order is required. Access is spelt out under Section 8 Paragraph 2: "The Authority may authorise a network operator or service provider to disclose lists of its subscribers, including directory access databases, for the publication of directories or for other purposes that the Authority may specify."

The Cybersecurity Act in December 2020 greatly expanded the government’s legal authority to conduct surveillance, compelled telecommunication service providers to hand over data and control encryption providers. Section 76 empowers the Cybersecurity Authority to compel a service provider to install interception technology in order to facilitate the government’s surveillance powers under the law. Section 71 authorises security officers to collect and record communications metadata, either stored or in real-time, on receipt of a warrant.