COMOROS
Since March 2014
Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition |
Sub-pillar Passive infrastructure sharing obligation
Framework Law No. 14-031/AU on electronic communications of 17 march 2014 (Loi N. 14-031/AU relative aux communications électroniques du 17 mars 2014)
Passive infrastructure sharing is reported to be mandatory in Comoros for the provision of telecommunications services to end-users. It is practiced in the mobile sector and in the fixed sector based on commercial agreements. According to Art. 53 of Law No. 14-031 on electronic communications, the National Regulation Authority of Information and Communications Technology (Autorité Nationale de Régulation des TIC (ANRTIC)) shall encourage the conclusion of agreements for the sharing of infrastructure masts, ducts and towers, electrical equipment, and land.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
COMOROS
N/A
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Sub-pillar Effective protection covering trade secrets
Lack of comprehensive trade secret regime
Comoros does not have a comprehensive framework in place that provides effective protection of trade secrets, but there are limited measures addressing some issues related to them. In particular, the country has established provisions addressing disclosure, acquisition or use of confidential information in the course of industrial or commercial activities by third parties in Art. 6 of Annex VIII of the Bangui Agreement, which has been ratified by 17 French-speaking States, including Comoros in 2002.
Coverage Horizontal
COMOROS
Since January 2021
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Sub-pillar Signature of the WIPO Performances and Phonogram Treaty
WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
Comoros has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.
Coverage Horizontal
COMOROS
Since January 2021
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Sub-pillar Adoption of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty
WIPO Copyright Treaty
Comoros has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.
Coverage Horizontal
COMOROS
Since January 2005
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Sub-pillar Participation in the Patent Cooperation Treaty
Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
Comoros is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).
Coverage Horizontal
COMOROS
Since March 1957
Since March 1977, as amended in December 2015, entry into force in November 2020
Since March 1977, as amended in December 2015, entry into force in November 2020
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Sub-pillar Copyright law with clear exceptions
Law of 11 March 1957, on Literary and Artistic Property (Loi du 11 mars 1957 sur la propriété littéraire et artistique)
Bangui Agreement Relating to the Creation of an African Intellectual Property Organization, Constituting a Revision of the Agreement Relating to the Creation of an African and Malagasy Office of Industrial Property (Bangui (Central African Republic), 2 March 1977) (Accord de Bangui relatif à la création d'une Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle, constituant révision de l'Accord relatif à la création d'un Office Africain et Malgache de la Propriété Industrielle (Bangui (République centrafricaine), le 2 mars 1977)
Bangui Agreement Relating to the Creation of an African Intellectual Property Organization, Constituting a Revision of the Agreement Relating to the Creation of an African and Malagasy Office of Industrial Property (Bangui (Central African Republic), 2 March 1977) (Accord de Bangui relatif à la création d'une Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle, constituant révision de l'Accord relatif à la création d'un Office Africain et Malgache de la Propriété Industrielle (Bangui (République centrafricaine), le 2 mars 1977)
Comoros has a copyright regime under Law on Literary and Artistic Property. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, therefore limiting the lawful use of copyrighted work by others. Art. 41 lists the exceptions, which include private and gratuitous representations made exclusively within the family circle; copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use; analyses and short quotations justified by the critical, polemical, educational, scientific or informative nature of the work in which they are incorporated; press reviews; dissemination, even in full, via the press or radio, as news, of speeches intended for the public; and parody, pastiche and caricature.
In addition, the Revised Bangui Agreement, which is a regional intellectual property law that is not only a regional convention applicable in all member states but also serves as a national intellectual property law in Comoros and each of the other member states, contains provisions on copyright in Annex VII: Chapter IV (Limitations to Economic Rights) and establishes a regime of copyright exceptions.
In addition, the Revised Bangui Agreement, which is a regional intellectual property law that is not only a regional convention applicable in all member states but also serves as a national intellectual property law in Comoros and each of the other member states, contains provisions on copyright in Annex VII: Chapter IV (Limitations to Economic Rights) and establishes a regime of copyright exceptions.
Coverage Horizontal
COMOROS
Since February 1999, entry into force in February 2002, last amended in December 2015
Since December 2019, entry into force in March 2020
Since December 2019, entry into force in March 2020
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Sub-pillar Practical or legal restrictions related to the application process for patents
Bangui Agreement Relating to the Creation of an African Intellectual Property Organization, Constituting a Revision of the Agreement Relating to the Creation of an African and Malagasy Office of Industrial Property (Bangui (Central African Republic), 2 March 1977) (Accord de Bangui relatif à la création d'une Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle, constituant révision de l'Accord relatif à la création d'un Office Africain et Malgache de la Propriété Industrielle (Bangui (République centrafricaine), le 2 mars 1977)
Regulations on the profession of Authorised Agent before the African Intellectual Property Organisation (Règlement sur la profession de Mandataire agréé auprès de l'Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle)
Regulations on the profession of Authorised Agent before the African Intellectual Property Organisation (Règlement sur la profession de Mandataire agréé auprès de l'Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle)
According to the Bangui Agreement, ratified by 17 French-speaking States, including Comoros, applicants resident outside the territory of the member States must file through an agent selected in one of those member States (Section III, Art. 8). The professional status of agent accredited to the African Intellectual Property Organisation (OAPI) is governed by the Regulations on the Profession of Authorised Agent before the OAPI.
Coverage Horizontal
COMOROS
N/A
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Sub-pillar Signatory of the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) with coverage of the most relevant services sectors (CPC752, 754, 84)
Lack of participation in the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA)
Comoros is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) nor does it have observer status.
Coverage Horizontal
COMOROS
Since March 2014
Pillar Foreign Direct Investment in sectors relevant to digital trade |
Sub-pillar Maximum foreign equity share
Framework Law No. 14-031/AU on electronic communications of 17 march 2014 (Loi 14-031/AU relative aux communications électroniques du 17 mars 2014)
According to Art. 15 of the Framework Law No. 14-031/AU, foreign participation in the capital of a company operating in the electronic communications sector is authorised up to a maximum of 80%.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
COMOROS
Since June 2022
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Sub-pillar Other limitations on foreign participation in public procurement
Law No. 22-011/AU of 23 June 2022 on the award of public procurement and the delegation of public services (Loi N° 22-011/AU du 23 juin 2022 portant Passation des Marches Publics et Délégation des Services Publics)
According to Art. 91 of Law No. 22-011/AU, "In the case of a contract with a decentralized local authority or one of its public establishments, a foreign candidate who plans to subcontract at least 30 percent of the total value of the contract to a national company may benefit from a margin of preference of no more than 10 percent".
Coverage Horizontal
COMOROS
N/A
Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods |
Sub-pillar Participation in the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and 2015 expansion (ITA II)
Lack of participation in the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and in ITA Expansion Agreement (ITA II)
Comoros is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II). Comoros is not a WTO member state either.
Coverage ICT goods
COMOROS
ITA signatory?
I
II
Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods |
Sub-pillar Effective tariff rate on ICT goods (applied weighted average)
Effective tariff rate to ICT goods (applied weighted average)
15.09%
Coverage rate of zero-tariffs on ICT goods (%)
14.7%
Coverage: Digital goods
COTE D'IVOIRE
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Sub-pillar Adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Côte d'Ivoire has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal
COTE D'IVOIRE
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Sub-pillar Adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Côte d'Ivoire has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal
COTE D'IVOIRE
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Sub-pillar Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Lack of signature of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Côte d'Ivoire has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal