NORWAY
Since January 1999
Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade |
Sub-pillar Nationality/residency requirement for directors or managers
Public Limited Liability Companies Act - Lov om aksjeselskaper (aksjeloven)
Norway requires that at least half the board of directors, as well as the managing director, of Limited Liability Companies are resident in Norway or be citizens of, and with their residential address in, an European Economic Area (EEA) country.
Coverage Horizontal
NORWAY
N/A
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Sub-pillar Signatory of the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA)
Lack of coverage of CPC 754 in the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA)
Although Norway is a signatory to the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), its coverage schedules do not include "telecommunications-related services" (CPC 754), which is an important services sector for digital trade.
Coverage Telecommunications-related services
NORWAY
Since January 2017
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Sub-pillar Exclusion from public procurement
Regulations on public procurement (procurement regulations) - Lov om offentlige anskaffelser (anskaffelsesloven)
The Public Procurement Act grants rights to engage in public procurement only to those public and private enterprises "as defined in international agreements to which Norway is bound". This restricts public procurement to partners in regional trade agreements and members of the WTO's Government Procurement Agreement.
Coverage Horizontal
NORWAY
Since March 1997
Since December 2015
Since December 2015
Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods |
Sub-pillar Participation in the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and 2015 expansion (ITA II)
Information Technology Agreement (ITA)
ITA Expansion Agreement (ITA II)
ITA Expansion Agreement (ITA II)
Norway is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996 and its 2015 expansion (ITA II).
Coverage ICT goods
NORWAY
ITA signatory?
I
II
Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods |
Sub-pillar Effective tariff rate to ICT goods (applied weighted average)
Effective tariff rate to ICT goods (applied weighted average)
0%
Coverage rate of zero-tariffs on ICT goods (%)
100%
Coverage: Digital goods
NEW ZEALAND
Since 2002
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Sub-pillar Adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
New Zealand has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal
NEW ZEALAND
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Sub-pillar Adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signature
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
New Zealand has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal
NEW ZEALAND
Since December 2013
Since August 1993, last amended in October 2019
Since August 1993, last amended in October 2019
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Sub-pillar Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Fair Trading Act 1986
Fair Trading Amendment Act 2013
Fair Trading Amendment Act 2013
The Fair Trading Amendment Act 2013, and the Consumer Guarantees Act provide a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions. The Fair Trading Act prohibits misleading and deceptive conduct in trade and requires certain disclosures to be made to consumers in some cases. In addition, the Consumer Guarantee Act establishes remedies and protections for consumers against suppliers and manufacturers of goods and services.
Coverage Horizontal
NEW ZEALAND
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Sub-pillar Ratification of the UN Convention of Electronic Communications
Lack of signature of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
New Zealand has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal
NEW ZEALAND
Since June 1996, as amended in December 2019
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Sub-pillar Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
Customs and Excise Regulations 1996
Customs and Excise Amendment Regulations (No 2) 2019
Customs and Excise Amendment Regulations (No 2) 2019
According to Art. 70 of the Customs and Excise Amendment Regulations (No 2) 2019, as of 1 December 2019, duty need not be collected on goods that have a customs value equal to or less than $1,000 (approx. USD 706) or less.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2019/0250/10.0/whole.html
- https://www.ird.govt.nz/-/media/project/ir/home/documents/forms-and-guides/ir200---ir299/ad261/ad261---english-version.pdf
- https://global-express.org/assets/files/GEA%20De%20Minimis%20Country%20information_4%20November%202021.pdf
- Show more...
NEW ZEALAND
Since 2013
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods, products and online services |
Sub-pillar Product screening and additional testing requirements
Telecommunications (Interception Capability and Security) Act 2013
Under the Telecommunications (Interception Capability and Security) Act (TICSA), the Government Communications Security Bureau (GSCB) may identify and address, prevent, mitigate, or remove network security risks which may arise. To deploy 5G network, a company must receive approval from national security assessment by GSCB. In 2020, the GSBC lifted a policy that prevented Spark from using Huawei's 5G equipment due to "a significant network security risk." New Zealand network operators such as Spark and Vodafone have partnered with Nokia rather than risking a partnership with Huawei since then.
Coverage 5G Networks
NEW ZEALAND
Reported in 2021
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods, products and online services |
Sub-pillar Self-certification for product safety
Radiocommunications (Compliance) Notice 2013 No. 2,
Radiocommunications (Radio Standards) Notice 2020
Radiocommunications (EMC Standards) Notice 2019
Radiocommunications Regulations (Mutual Recognition: Australia) Notice 2008
Radiocommunications (Radio Standards) Notice 2020
Radiocommunications (EMC Standards) Notice 2019
Radiocommunications Regulations (Mutual Recognition: Australia) Notice 2008
A supplier of radio transmitting products may fill out a Supplier Declaration of Conformity (SDoC). For some high-risk products, the government may require an approval from a recognized organization or agency before they can be supplied in the country.
Radiocommunications (Compliance) Notice 2020 describes the different levels of conformity for products, including the level of testing and documentation as well as product labelling requirements. It also describes the requirements for the Declaration of Conformity.
Radiocommunications (Radio Standards) Notice 2020 describes the performance standards required to be met by different classes of radio products. The notice also assigns the level of conformity applying to the products covered by each standard.
Radiocommunications (EMC Standards) Notice 2019 describes the performance standards required to be met by electrical and electronic products (other than licensed radio transmitters covered by the Radio Standards Notice).
New Zealand has a mutual recognition agreement with Australia, which provides some SDoC exemptions. Products supplied in accordance with the Radiocommunications Regulations (Mutual Recognition: Australia) Notice 2008 do not need to have a New Zealand declaration of conformity.
Radiocommunications (Compliance) Notice 2020 describes the different levels of conformity for products, including the level of testing and documentation as well as product labelling requirements. It also describes the requirements for the Declaration of Conformity.
Radiocommunications (Radio Standards) Notice 2020 describes the performance standards required to be met by different classes of radio products. The notice also assigns the level of conformity applying to the products covered by each standard.
Radiocommunications (EMC Standards) Notice 2019 describes the performance standards required to be met by electrical and electronic products (other than licensed radio transmitters covered by the Radio Standards Notice).
New Zealand has a mutual recognition agreement with Australia, which provides some SDoC exemptions. Products supplied in accordance with the Radiocommunications Regulations (Mutual Recognition: Australia) Notice 2008 do not need to have a New Zealand declaration of conformity.
Coverage Electric, electronic, and radio transmitting products
NEW ZEALAND
Since 2010
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods, products and online services |
Sub-pillar Self-certification for product safety
Electricity (Safety) Regulations 2010
As for electrical products, suppliers of listed medium risk articles, according to Section 83 of the Electricity (Safety) Regulations 2010, may fill out an Electrical Supplier Declaration of Conformity (SDoC). High risk articles must be approved by WorkSafe, New Zealand's primary workplace health and safety regulator under Section 84. However, WorkSafe may, by notice in the Gazette, recognize an organisation or agency, or a programme or regime of compliance to deem high-risk articles to be approved.
Coverage Electric products
NEW ZEALAND
Since 2019
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods, products and online services |
Sub-pillar Export restrictions on ICT goods, products and online services
New Zealand Strategic Goods List
The export of goods in the New Zealand Strategic Goods List is prohibited unless an exporter has approval from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. The goods on the list are derived from the control lists produced by the four export control regimes New Zealand belongs to - the Wassenaar Arrangement, the Australia Group, the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Missile Technology Control Regime. The Strategic Goods List includes technology as well as military and dual-use goods. The list was promulgated in 2019.
Coverage Strategic goods
NEW ZEALAND
Since June 2015, last amended in March 2022
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Sub-pillar Safe harbor for intermediaries for any activity other than copyright infringement
Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015
Under the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015, an online content host is not per se liable for illegal content posted by its user and consequently hosted on the platform. Section 24 provides a process that an Internet service provider should take to obtain protection against liability for specific content. However, the lack of the process specified in Section 24 does not itself create any civil or criminal liability for hosting the illegal content (Section 23).
Coverage Internet intermediaries