According to Art.10 of the National Security Law, on the basis of national security concerns, foreign direct investment (FDI) to obtain influence in commercial companies of significance to national security, as well as to transfer critical infrastructure into possession or ownership of another person, must be approved. This applies to commercial companies registered in Latvia (i) with significance to national security”, as defined in Section 37 of the National Security Law); (ii) national-level critical infrastructure (Category B critical infrastructure, as defined in Section 22.2 (2) of the National Security Law); and (iii) European critical infrastructure (as defined in Section 22.2 (3) of the National Security Law).

Latvia is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

There is no general principle for the use of copyright-protected material comparable to the fair use/fair dealing principles. Directive 2001/29/EC defines an optional but exhaustive set of limitations from the author´s exclusive rights under the control of the “three-step test” in line with the Berne Convention that establishes three cumulative conditions to the limitations and exceptions of a copyright holder’s rights. The Directive has been transposed by Member States with significant freedom.
The Latvian Copyright Law introduces several exceptions to copyright, including use for informational purposes; use for educational and research purposes; use for the needs of libraries, archives and museums; reproduction for the purposes of judicial proceedings; use in a public performance during official or religious ceremonies; temporary reproduction; and parodies or caricatures.

It is reported that Latvia is experiencing serious violations of intellectual property rights (IPR), piracy on the Internet, trans-shipment of pirated optical media and a large volume of hard goods piracy involving pirated optical discs.

Latvia and the European Union have adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty. Latvia acceded to the Treaty on 22 March 2000, with its provisions coming into force on 6 March 2002. Subsequently, the European Union ratified the Treaty on 14 December 2009, and it entered into effect on 14 March 2010.

Latvia and the European Union have adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty. Latvia acceded to the Treaty on 22 March 2000, with its provisions coming into force on 20 May 2002. Subsequently, the European Union ratified the Treaty on 14 December 2009, and it entered into effect on 14 March 2010.

The Directive 2016/943 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) is key in harmonising national laws concerning trade secrets. The Trade Secret Law transposed the Directive 2016/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on trade secrets in 2019.

It is reported that passive sharing is mandated in Latvia, and it is practised in the mobile sector based on commercial agreements. In addition, Directive 2014/61/EU (Art. 3.2) establishes that Member States shall ensure that, upon written request of an undertaking providing or authorised to provide public communications networks, any network operator must meet all reasonable requests for access to its physical infrastructure under fair and reasonable terms and conditions, including price, with a view to deploying elements of high-speed electronic communications networks. Such written request shall specify the elements of the project for which the access is requested, including a specific time frame.

It is reported that the government of Latvia has a 51% stake in Tet. This company (formerly known as Lattelecom) is a major telecommunications and IT service provider in Latvia, offering a range of services, including internet, television, landline, and mobile communication. In addition, Tet also owns 23 % of Latvian mobile operator LMT.

It is reported that Latvia mandates functional and accounting separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market.

In March 2023, Latvia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs banned TikTok from official mobile phones and other government-issued devices, citing security concerns. The measure, recommended by the ministry's internal security service, was described as preventive. Other Latvian ministries were reported to be considering similar restrictions, aligning with actions taken by the United States, Canada, and the European Commission.

According to Section 3 of the National Payment System Act, the Central Bank is empowered to designate a payment system. In addition, Section 12 prohibits unauthorised companies from conducting business with a payment service provider. Furthermore, pursuant to Art. 43 of the National Payment System Regulations, e-money issued shall be subject to an individual transaction limit that shall not exceed seventy thousand shillings (approx. USD 560) and an aggregate monthly load limit of one million shillings (approx. USD 7,990), provided that the Central Bank may approve higher limits for specific categories of e-money issuers. The limits may be amended by the Central Bank from time to time.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is KSH 2,580 (approx. USD 20), below the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).