Since May 2020, Hungary has applied an “Alternative FDI Regime”, established under Chapter 85 of Act LVIII of 2020 and its implementing Government Decree. Originally designed as a temporary measure set to expire at the end of 2021, the regime was extended and reinstated through Government Decree No. 561/2022, thereby making it permanent.
The regime applies to a broad range of transactions, not limited to share acquisitions. It encompasses convertible instruments, usufruct rights, corporate transformations, asset purchases, capital injections, and in-kind contributions.
Under Art. 3 of Decree No. 561/2022, notification is required whenever a foreign investor directly or indirectly acquires:
(i) at least a 5% stake in a strategic company (or 3% if the company is publicly listed), provided the transaction value reaches HUF 350 million (approx. EUR 900,000); or
(ii) at least a 10% stake, regardless of deal value; or
(iii) a stake resulting in the combined shareholding of foreign investors reaching 25% in a strategic company, regardless of deal value.
According to Art. 2 of the Decree a strategic company is defined as a limited liability company, a privately held joint-stock company, a publicly held joint-stock company, or a higher education institution with a registered office in Hungary, whose main or additional activity falls within a sector of strategic significance as defined in Annex 1, particularly in the energy, transportation, or communication sectors, as well as industries defined under Regulation (EU) 2019/452 of the European Parliament and Council of 19 March 2019, which establishes a framework for the screening of foreign direct investments into the Union.
Annex 1 lists an extensive coverage of sectors, including publishing activities, telecommunications, and information technology services, among others.

Under Art. 51 of Act XXXIII of 1995 on the protection of inventions, foreign applicants that have no residency within the EU or the European Economic Area (EEA) have to be represented by an authorised attorney-at-law in front of the Hungarian Intellectual Property Office.

Hungary is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

There is no general principle for the use of copyright-protected material comparable to the fair use/fair dealing principles. Directive 2001/29/EC defines an optional but exhaustive set of limitations from the author´s exclusive rights under the control of the “three-step test” in line with the Berne Convention that establishes three cumulative conditions to the limitations and exceptions of a copyright holder’s rights. The Directive has been transposed by Member States with significant freedom.
Chapter 4 of the Act LXXVI of 1999 establishes copyright exemptions, including a right of citation, the right of use for educational purposes, private use and news reporting.

It is reported that internet piracy in Hungary is a significant issue. Stakeholders have noted that the Hungarian government should allocate sufficient resources to its law enforcement authorities to effectively combat intellectual property rights violations, particularly those occurring online.

Hungary and the European Union have adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty. Hungary ratified the Treaty on 27 November 1998, with its provisions coming into force on 6 March 2002. Subsequently, the European Union ratified the Treaty on 14 December 2009, and it entered into effect on 14 March 2010.

Hungary and the European Union have adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty. Hungary ratified the Treaty on 27 November 1998, with its provisions coming into force on 20 May 2002. Subsequently, the European Union ratified the Treaty on 14 December 2009, and it entered into effect on 14 March 2010.

The Directive 2016/943 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) is key in harmonising national laws concerning trade secrets. Hungary transposed the Directive through Act LIV of 2018 on the protection of trade secrets.

Under Art. 62. k of the Act CLXLIII on Public Procurement, foreign firms are excluded from government procurement if they are registered in a country that is neither an EU member nor a member of the WTO Government Procurement Agreement nor if they are registered in a country that has no double taxation treaty with Hungary or the EU.

Art. 85 of the Utilities Directive (2014/25/EU) contains provisions allowing contracting public entities to reject foreign goods not covered by any EU international commitments from its tender procedures. In these cases, a tender submitted for the award of a supply contract may be rejected where the proportion of the products originating in third countries exceeds 50% of the total value of the products constituting the tender (Art. 85.2). Additionally, in cases of equivalent offers, the provisions provide for a preference for European tenders and tenders covered by EU's international obligations. In practice, this possibility has rarely been used.
In Hungary, the Directive has been transposed with Act CXLIII of 2015 on Public Procurement.

Guinea-Bissau has not adopted national legislation based on, or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

It is reported that in Guinea-Bissau, the de minimis threshold, that is, the minimum value of goods below which Customs Authority do not charge duties, is USD 100, below the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

Art. 2 of Decree No. 7/2012 states that only entities legally incorporated or residents in Guinea-Bissau can acquire local domain names ".gw". However, under certain conditions, temporary domain registration can take place, namely if the foreign company appoints a local legal representative and presents a declaration duly certified committing to set up the company in Guinea-Bissau.