GREECE
Reported in 2023
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Enforcement of copyright online
Lack of adequate enforcement of copyright online
It has been reported that, between 2017 and 2022, Greece recorded one of the highest rates of internet piracy among EU Member States. Greece, along with Portugal and Cyprus, notably leads the EU in piracy rates of live sporting events, significantly exceeding the EU average. Moreover, it is reported that in 2022, pirated TV content experienced a notable increase, with TV shows, series, and on-demand movies being the most commonly pirated genres.
Coverage Horizontal
GREECE
Since March 2010
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Adoption of the WIPO Copyright Treaty
WIPO Copyright Treaty
The European Union and Greece have adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty. The treaty was ratified on 14 December 2009 and came into effect on 14 March 2010.
Coverage Horizontal
GREECE
Since March 2010
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Adoption of the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
The European Union and Greece have adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty. The treaty was ratified on 14 December 2009 and came into effect on 14 March 2010.
Coverage Horizontal
GREECE
ITA signatory?
I
II
Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods |
Indicator Effective tariff rate on ICT goods (applied weighted average)
Effective tariff rate to ICT goods (applied weighted average)
0.91%
Coverage rate of zero-tariffs on ICT goods (%)
76.86%
Coverage: ICT goods
GREECE
Since August 2016, last amended in 2021
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Exclusion from public procurement
Law No. 4412 on Public Works Contracts, Procurement Contracts, and Services (Νόμος 4412 - Δημόσιες Συμβάσεις Έργων, Προμηθειών και Υπηρεσιών (προσαρμογή στις Οδηγίες 2014/24/ΕΕ και 2014/25/ΕΕ))
Art. 25 of Law 4412/2016, which regulates public procurement in Greece, provides that participation in public procurement is reserved for local, EU and European Economic Area (EEA) companies and for companies from third countries that are parties to a relevant treaty with Greece or have ratified the WTO Government Procurement Agreement.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20170903135052/http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wFHp_31M9ESQXdtvSoClrL8RC-n_7hz1t15MXD0LzQTLWPU9yLzB8V68knBzLCmTXKaO6fpVZ6Lx3UnKl3nP8NxdnJ...
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220303180640/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0025&from=EN#d1e7298-243-1
GREECE
Since March 2004, last amended in February 2014
Since August 2016, last amended in 2021
Since August 2016, last amended in 2021
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other limitations on foreign participation in public procurement
Utilities Directive (2014/25/EU)
Law No. 4412 on Public Works Contracts, Procurement Contracts, and Services (Νόμος 4412 - Δημόσιες Συμβάσεις Έργων, Προμηθειών και Υπηρεσιών (προσαρμογή στις Οδηγίες 2014/24/ΕΕ και 2014/25/ΕΕ))
Law No. 4412 on Public Works Contracts, Procurement Contracts, and Services (Νόμος 4412 - Δημόσιες Συμβάσεις Έργων, Προμηθειών και Υπηρεσιών (προσαρμογή στις Οδηγίες 2014/24/ΕΕ και 2014/25/ΕΕ))
Art. 85 of the Utilities Directive (2014/25/EU) contains provisions allowing contracting public entities to reject foreign goods not covered by any EU international commitments from its tender procedures. In these cases, a tender submitted for the award of a supply contract may be rejected where the proportion of the products originating in third countries exceeds 50% of the total value of the products constituting the tender (Art. 85.2). Additionally, in cases of equivalent offers, the provisions provide for a preference for European tenders and tenders covered by EU's international obligations. In practice, this possibility has rarely been used.
In Greece, the Directive has been transposed with Law No. 4412-Public Works contracts, procurement contracts and Services (adaptation to Directives 2014/24/ OJ and 2014/25/EU).
In Greece, the Directive has been transposed with Law No. 4412-Public Works contracts, procurement contracts and Services (adaptation to Directives 2014/24/ OJ and 2014/25/EU).
Coverage Any product sold to a utility provider including software used in telecommunication network equipment
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220303180640/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0025&from=EN#d1e7298-243-1
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230811225412/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=NIM:239895
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240224033351/https://www.eaadhsy.gr/n4412/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240301001209/https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=276feaf8-c91b-4b7d-8310-dad8134f3c4c
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220121131638/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52019XC0813(01)&from=EN
- Show more...
GREECE
Reported in 2018, last reported in 2023
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other limitations on foreign participation in public procurement
Lack of transparency in public procurement
It is reported that the lack of transparency is a challenge for public procurement procedures in Greece, especially for foreign bidders, including with respect to overly narrow definitions of tenders and implicit biases in favour of local vendors and state-owned enterprises. Moreover, there are reports of complaints that Greece tends to require suppliers to source services and production locally or to partner with Greek manufacturers as a condition for the awarding of some contracts in public procurement.
Coverage Horizontal
GREECE
Reported in 2022, last reported in 2023
Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade |
Indicator Maximum foreign equity share
Open environment for foreign investment
It is reported that the Greek government has not imposed any restrictions on foreign ownership and investment in sectors relevant for digital trade.
Coverage Horizontal
GERMANY
Since November 2020
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Local presence requirements for digital services providers
Interstate Media Agreement (Medienstaatsvertrag)
According to Art. 92 of the Interstate Media Agreement, providers of media intermediaries must designate an authorised recipient in Germany. Furthermore, according to Art. 115 of the law, a broadcaster also commits an administrative offence if it, as the provider of a media intermediary, does not designate an authorised recipient in Germany.
Coverage Media intermediaries
GERMANY
Since June 2014
Since July 2001
Since July 2001
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU
Law to Adapt the Formal Requirements of Private Law to Modern Legal Transactions (Federal Law Gazette I 2001 p. 1542) (Gesetz zur Anpassung der Formvorschriften des Privatrechts und anderer Vorschriften an den modernen Rechtsgeschäftsverkehr (Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2001 Teil I Nr. 35)
Law to Adapt the Formal Requirements of Private Law to Modern Legal Transactions (Federal Law Gazette I 2001 p. 1542) (Gesetz zur Anpassung der Formvorschriften des Privatrechts und anderer Vorschriften an den modernen Rechtsgeschäftsverkehr (Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2001 Teil I Nr. 35)
The Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU provides an updated framework aimed at encouraging online sales. The Directive has been implemented by the "Law to Adapt the Formal Requirements of Private Law to Modern Legal Transactions."
Coverage Horizontal
GERMANY
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Lack of signature of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Germany has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal
GERMANY
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Germany has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal
GERMANY
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Germany has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal
GERMANY
Since 2016
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Restrictions on domain names
DENIC terms of service
According to the DENIC terms of service, §3 (4), ".de" domain holders not domiciled in Germany shall name an authorised representative domiciled in Germany within two weeks of a corresponding request by DENIC.
Coverage Horizontal
