The Lebanese government retains several state-owned monopolies within the telecommunications sector. The state-owned enterprise Ogero owns and operates all fixed-line telecommunications services in Lebanon, while the two mobile and internet service providers, Touch and Alfa, are likewise under state ownership. In 2002, Lebanon enacted Law No. 431 to provide for the privatisation of the telecommunications sector; however, this legislation has yet to be implemented.

Art. 8.1.b of the Patent Law stipulates that, where the patent applicant is neither a Lebanese national nor a resident of Lebanon, such applicant must appoint an agent or proxy domiciled within Lebanese territory. In addition, Art. 8.2.b requires that the application include a stamped envelope containing two copies of the abstract of the invention in Arabic. It is also reported that, in order to secure the official filing date of a patent application in Lebanon, the application must include a power of attorney that has been legalised by the Lebanese Consulate abroad and, in addition, locally legalised by the Lebanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Art. 9.a of the Patent Law stipulates that the patent application must be submitted in the Arabic language.

Lebanon is not a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

Lebanon maintains a copyright framework under the Law No. 75 of April 1999. The Act does not adopt an open-ended fair use or fair dealing model. Instead, it establishes a closed list of narrowly defined exceptions, which restricts lawful use to specific, enumerated purposes. Arts. 23-34 set out the complete list of exceptions, which include private reproduction for personal purposes; quotation; reproduction for teaching; reprographic reproduction by libraries and archives; among others.

Lebanon has not signed the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

Lebanon is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II). In fact, the country is not a member of the WTO.

Art. 1 of the Law on Israel Boycott stipulates that any natural or legal person is prohibited from concluding, either directly or through an intermediary, an agreement with entities or individuals residing in Israel or acting for its benefit, where the subject matter of such agreement concerns commercial dealings, financial transactions, or any other form of transaction whatsoever. Under Art. 7.I.1.i of the Public Procurement Law, foreign bidders are required to submit a statement issued by the Ministry of Economy and Trade attesting to compliance with the provisions of the Law on Israel Boycott.

According to Art. 16 of the Public Procurement Law, bids offering goods or services of domestic origin may receive a preference margin of 10% over bids involving foreign goods or services.

In 2015, the State Bank of Vietnam issued Circular 39/2014/TT-NHNN to regulate payments via intermediaries, and the Circular was then replaced by Circular 23/2019/TT-NHNN in 2019. E-payments made via intermediaries such as e-wallets are regulated under this Circular. According to the Circular, owners of e-wallets must link the wallet to a bank account created in Vietnam or via branches of foreign banks in Vietnam in order to make payments in Vietnam.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 43, below the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

Chapter 2 of Decree No. 72/2013/ND-CP on ".vn" domain service regulates that foreign companies that provide ".vn" domain registration must either establish the business in Vietnam according to Vietnamese law or have a contract with ICANN-accredited registrars. In addition, foreign companies that provide ".vn" domain registration services must have a contract with the Vietnam Internet Network Information Center to provide ".vn" domain registration services.

In February 2020, the Vietnamese government issued Decree No. 15/2020/ND-CP to regulate administrative violations in several sectors including the telecommunications sector, IT and electronic transactions. Art. 44.1.(d) of the Decree regulates penalties for electronic newspapers, general websites or web portals, and social networks for not using the Vietnamese national domain name ".vn" and not storing information in the server system with an IP address in Vietnam. In addition, according to Art. 45.3.(d) of the Decree, these companies shall be fined if they do not use primary domain name servers (DNS) using the Vietnamese national domain name ".vn".

Since 2019, domestic and international providers of telecommunications services, internet services and value-added services in Vietnam’s cyberspace that collect, analyse or process private information or data about relationships of their service users or data created by their service users in Vietnam shall open branches or representative offices in Vietnam.