Lebanon maintains a copyright framework under the Law No. 75 of April 1999. The Act does not adopt an open-ended fair use or fair dealing model. Instead, it establishes a closed list of narrowly defined exceptions, which restricts lawful use to specific, enumerated purposes. Arts. 23-34 set out the complete list of exceptions, which include private reproduction for personal purposes; quotation; reproduction for teaching; reprographic reproduction by libraries and archives; among others.

Lebanon has not signed the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

Lebanon is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II). In fact, the country is not a member of the WTO.

Art. 1 of the Law on Israel Boycott stipulates that any natural or legal person is prohibited from concluding, either directly or through an intermediary, an agreement with entities or individuals residing in Israel or acting for its benefit, where the subject matter of such agreement concerns commercial dealings, financial transactions, or any other form of transaction whatsoever. Under Art. 7.I.1.i of the Public Procurement Law, foreign bidders are required to submit a statement issued by the Ministry of Economy and Trade attesting to compliance with the provisions of the Law on Israel Boycott.

According to Art. 16 of the Public Procurement Law, bids offering goods or services of domestic origin may receive a preference margin of 10% over bids involving foreign goods or services.

Lebanon’s tendering processes are reportedly characterised by limited transparency, leading private companies to exercise caution when participating in public procurement. Evidence suggests that public institutions often circumvent regulations intended to guarantee full and open competition by dividing procurement requirements into smaller contracts that remain below agency procurement thresholds. Consequently, Lebanese government entities frequently resort to direct procurement procedures that follow inconsistent rules and often lack formal competitive bidding. While the Public Procurement Management Administration (PPMA) is generally regarded as transparent, risks of corruption persist within the tendering processes and among the ministries responsible for their implementation.

Lebanon is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). In fact, the country is not a member of the WTO.

Although an investment framework exists under Law No. 360 of 16 August 2001, complemented by Decrees No. 9311 and No. 9326 of 21 December 2002, it primarily serves to define the mandate of the Investment Development Authority of Lebanon (IDAL) and to provide incentives in priority sectors. It is reported that there are no foreign ownership restrictions in sectors relevant to digital trade. However, Law No. 1 of 1955 on the Israel Boycott prohibits foreign ownership in all sectors by Israeli citizens or companies.
According to Art. 1 of Law No. 1 of 1955, it is prohibited for any natural or legal person to enter into an agreement, either directly or through an intermediary, with entities or individuals residing in Israel, holding Israeli nationality, or acting on behalf of or for the benefit of Israel, when such agreements concern commercial transactions, financial operations, or any other dealings of any kind.

The Lebanese government retains several state-owned monopolies within the telecommunications sector. The state-owned enterprise Ogero owns and operates all fixed-line telecommunications services in Lebanon, while the two mobile and internet service providers, Touch and Alfa, are likewise under state ownership. In 2002, Lebanon enacted Law No. 431 to provide for the privatisation of the telecommunications sector; however, this legislation has yet to be implemented.

Chapter 2 of Decree No. 72/2013/ND-CP on ".vn" domain service regulates that foreign companies that provide ".vn" domain registration must either establish the business in Vietnam according to Vietnamese law or have a contract with ICANN-accredited registrars. In addition, foreign companies that provide ".vn" domain registration services must have a contract with the Vietnam Internet Network Information Center to provide ".vn" domain registration services.

In February 2020, the Vietnamese government issued Decree No. 15/2020/ND-CP to regulate administrative violations in several sectors including the telecommunications sector, IT and electronic transactions. Art. 44.1.(d) of the Decree regulates penalties for electronic newspapers, general websites or web portals, and social networks for not using the Vietnamese national domain name ".vn" and not storing information in the server system with an IP address in Vietnam. In addition, according to Art. 45.3.(d) of the Decree, these companies shall be fined if they do not use primary domain name servers (DNS) using the Vietnamese national domain name ".vn".

Since 2019, domestic and international providers of telecommunications services, internet services and value-added services in Vietnam’s cyberspace that collect, analyse or process private information or data about relationships of their service users or data created by their service users in Vietnam shall open branches or representative offices in Vietnam.

Decree No. 72/2013/ND-CP regulates the management of Internet services and online networks in Vietnam. Art. 23a, introduced through the amendment in Decree No. 27/2018/ND-CP, stipulates that aggregated information websites and social networks must have at least one individual responsible for managing content. This individual must either be a Vietnamese national or a foreign national holding a temporary residence card issued by a competent authority, with a validity period of at least six months from the date of dossier submission.
Art. 20 defines aggregated information websites as platforms operated by agencies, organizations, or enterprises that publish aggregated content, which must be cited textually and accurately from official sources, with proper attribution to the original authors or agencies and the date of publication. Additionally, under Art. 3.22, a social network is defined as an information system that provides users with services such as storage, provision, use, search, sharing, and exchange of information, including functionalities for creating private websites, forums, online chat rooms, audio and video sharing, and other similar services.

The Law on Protection of Consumers' Rights and the Law on E-Transactions provide a comprehensive consumer protection framework that also applies to online transactions. The Law regulates the rights and obligations of consumers, the liability of organisations or individuals trading goods and/or services to consumers, the liability of social organisations in protecting the interests of consumers, resolving disputes between consumers and sellers, the liability of the State on the protection of consumers’ interests. In addition, the Law on E-transactions provides the legal framework for electronic signatures and e-transactions.