CROATIA
Reported in 2021, last reported in 2023
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other limitations on foreign participation in public procurement
Lack of transparency in public procurement
It is reported that the extensive use of state-owned companies limits the impact of ongoing procurement reforms to promote competition for public funds and increases the risk of conflicts of interest. Moreover, despite major progress in increasing transparency, corruption remains a significant concern, considering that, for instance, some stakeholders report the existence of discriminatory technical specifications in public procurement tenders.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20221010033652/https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/policy/how/improving-investment/public-procurement/study/country_profile/hr.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220305190149/https://www.oecd.org/corporate/OECD-Review-of-the-Corporate-Governance-of-State-Owned-Enterprises-Croatia.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240123154213/https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/2023%20NTE%20Report.pdf
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CROATIA
Since 2003, last amendment in 2013
Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade |
Indicator Maximum foreign equity share
Foreign Exchange Act (Zakon o deviznom poslovanju)
Croatian law prohibits any discrimination between investments on the basis of nationality. Foreign investment rules follow a reciprocity principle.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231130040717/https://www.schoenherr.eu/content/has-croatia-implemented-fdi-screening-mechanism/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241109060310/https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/cz/Documents/legal/CE_FDI.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20221117115818/https://www.oecd.org/investment/OECD-Investment-Policy-Review-of-Croatia-Overview-Assessment.pdf
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COTE D'IVOIRE
Reported in 2023
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
Low de minimis threshold
It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 83, below the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).
Coverage Horizontal
COTE D'IVOIRE
Since March 2012
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Ordinance No. 2012-293 on Telecommunications and Information and Communication Technologies (Ordonnance No. 2012-293 relative aux Télécommunications et aux Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication)
Ordinance No. 2012-293, relating to Telecommunications and Information and Communication Technologies, provides a comprehensive consumer protection framework that applies to online transactions.
Coverage Horizontal
COTE D'IVOIRE
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Lack of signature of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Côte d'Ivoire has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal
COTE D'IVOIRE
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Côte d'Ivoire has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal
COTE D'IVOIRE
N/A
Pillar Online sales and transactions |
Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Côte d'Ivoire has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal
COTE D'IVOIRE
N/A
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for any activity other than copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place beyond copyright infringements
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability beyond copyright infringement is absent in Côte d'Ivoire's law and jurisprudence.
Coverage Internet intermediaries
COTE D'IVOIRE
Since March 2012
Since March 2017
Since March 2017
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator User identity requirement
Ordinance No. 2012-293 on Telecommunications and Information and Communication Technologies (Ordonnance No. 2012-293 relative aux Télécommunications et aux Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication)
Decree No. 2017-193 Identifying Subscribers of Telecommunications/ICT Services Open to the Public and Users of Cybercafés (Décret No. 2017-193 portant identification des abonnés des Services de Télécommunications/TIC ouverts au public et des utilisateurs des cybercafés)
Decree No. 2017-193 Identifying Subscribers of Telecommunications/ICT Services Open to the Public and Users of Cybercafés (Décret No. 2017-193 portant identification des abonnés des Services de Télécommunications/TIC ouverts au public et des utilisateurs des cybercafés)
Art. 163 of Ordinance No. 2012-293 provides that telephone operators and Internet service providers are required to identify their subscribers. Art. 3 of the Decree No. 2017-193, adopted pursuant to Ordinance No. 2012-293, requires telecom operators and service providers to identify their subscribers through the collection and storage of identification data. Under Art. 13, the identification data collected includes photo, date and place of birth, profession, email and physical address, plus the biometric national identity card or biometric national driving licence or biometric passport, which all enclose fingerprints, photo, signature, names, and parentage. In addition, Art. 28 introduces measures to ensure the identification of all cybercafé users.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20211022175924/https://www.artci.ci/images/stories/pdf/ordonnance/Ordonnance_2012-293.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220119023603/https://www.artci.ci/images/stories/pdf-english/ordonnance_english/Ordonnance_2012-293_traduit.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20180813060609/https://www.artci.ci/images/stories/pdf/decrets/decret_2017_193.pdf
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COTE D'IVOIRE
Since March 2014
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Decree No. 2014-105 of 12 March 2014 Defining the Conditions for Providing Cryptology Services (Décret No. 2014-105 du 12 mars 2014 portant définition des conditions de fourniture des prestations de cryptologie)
According to Art. 8 of Decree No. 2014-105, the supply or importation of a cryptology means not exclusively ensuring authentication or integrity control functions, is subject to a prior declaration to the Autorité de Régulation des Télécommunications/TIC de Côte d'Ivoire (ARTCI, Telecommunications/ICT Regulatory Authority of Côte d’Ivoire). The modalities of this prior declaration are established by the ARTCI's decision. In this regard, the service provider or the person providing or importing a cryptology means must make a description of the technical characteristics of this cryptology available to the ARTCI.
Coverage Horizontal
COTE D'IVOIRE
Since August 2014
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Open and transparent standard-setting process
Decree No. 2014-460 of 6 August 2014 on the Attribution, Organisation, and Functioning of the National Standardisation Body, Called the Ivorian Standardisation Committee (CIN) (Décret No. 2014-460 du 6 août 2014 portant attribution, organisation et fonctionnement de l'organisme national de normalisation, dénommé Comité Ivoirien de Normalisation, en abrégé CIN)
According to Art. 5 of Decree No. 2014-460, foreign companies cannot be members of the Ivorian standardisation committee. Art. 4 provides that the Ivorian standardisation committee carries out activities relating to the development and approval of standards as well as the management of the national mark of conformity to standards.
Coverage Horizontal
COTE D'IVOIRE
Since March 2012
Since May 2013
Since December 2013
Since May 2013
Since December 2013
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Self-certification for product safety
Ordinance No. 2012-293 on Telecommunications and Information and Communication Technologies (Ordonnance No. 2012-293 relative aux Télécommunications et aux Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication)
Decree No. 2013-301 on the Approval of Terminal Equipment and Radio Equipment, and the Licensing of Installers (Décret No. 2013-301 relatif à l'homologation des équipements terminaux et radioélectriques et à l'agrément de l'installateur)
Law No. 2013-866 of 23 December 2013 on the Standardisation and the Promotion of Quality (Loi No. 2013-866 du 23 décembre 2013 relative à la normalisation et à la promotion de la qualité)
Decree No. 2013-301 on the Approval of Terminal Equipment and Radio Equipment, and the Licensing of Installers (Décret No. 2013-301 relatif à l'homologation des équipements terminaux et radioélectriques et à l'agrément de l'installateur)
Law No. 2013-866 of 23 December 2013 on the Standardisation and the Promotion of Quality (Loi No. 2013-866 du 23 décembre 2013 relative à la normalisation et à la promotion de la qualité)
Art. 88 of Ordinance 2012-293 provides that equipment intended to be connected to a telecommunications/ICT network open to the public and radio equipment must be assessed by the "Autorité de Régulation des Télécommunications/TIC de Côte d'Ivoire" (ARTCI, Telecommunications/ICT Regulatory Authority of Côte d’Ivoire) for compliance with the essential requirements (defined as measures necessary to ensure the health and safety of persons, electromagnetic compatibility between telecommunications/ICT equipment and installations and, where appropriate, proper use of the radio frequency spectrum to avoid harmful interference to third parties).
Art. 89 states that ARTCI may instruct independent national or foreign standardisation bodies to draw up technical standards for the approval of equipment. The technical standards adopted by the ARTCI must be published in the Official Gazette, following their approval by an order of the Minister in charge of Telecommunications/ICT. In addition, Art. 92 establishes that the testing labouratories and bodies used by persons responsible for placing telecommunication/ICT equipment on the market in order to establish their conformity with the essential requirements must either be accredited by ARTCI, be recognised in Côte d'Ivoire under international agreements or be empowered in any other way by Ivorian law.
Art. 9 of Decree No. 2013-301 provides information about the necessary documents for the certification. Art 30 of Law No. 2013 - 866 confirms that certification documents from other accredited labs are accepted.
Art. 89 states that ARTCI may instruct independent national or foreign standardisation bodies to draw up technical standards for the approval of equipment. The technical standards adopted by the ARTCI must be published in the Official Gazette, following their approval by an order of the Minister in charge of Telecommunications/ICT. In addition, Art. 92 establishes that the testing labouratories and bodies used by persons responsible for placing telecommunication/ICT equipment on the market in order to establish their conformity with the essential requirements must either be accredited by ARTCI, be recognised in Côte d'Ivoire under international agreements or be empowered in any other way by Ivorian law.
Art. 9 of Decree No. 2013-301 provides information about the necessary documents for the certification. Art 30 of Law No. 2013 - 866 confirms that certification documents from other accredited labs are accepted.
Coverage Telecommunication/ICT equipment
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220119023603/https://www.artci.ci/images/stories/pdf-english/ordonnance_english/Ordonnance_2012-293_traduit.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20221013085618/https://www.codinorm.ci/doc/cadre_regl/loi%20sur%20la%20normalisation%202013-866.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20211022175924/https://www.artci.ci/images/stories/pdf/ordonnance/Ordonnance_2012-293.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241009003843/https://www.artci.ci/images/stories/pdf-english/decrets_english/decret_2013-301_english.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20221219162842/https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Technology/Documents/Events2014/CI_Training_AFR_Tunis_June14/Presentations/CI_Training_AFR_Tunis_June14_COTEIVOIRE.pdf
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COTE D'IVOIRE
Since March 2014
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Restrictions on encryption standards
Decree No. 2014-105 of 12 March 2014 Defining the Conditions for Providing Cryptology Services (Décret No. 2014-105 du 12 mars 2014 portant définition des conditions de fourniture des prestations de cryptologie)
Decree No. 214-105 provides that the supply or importation of a cryptology means not exclusively ensuring authentication or integrity control functions, is subject to a prior declaration to the Autorité de Régulation des Télécommunications/TIC de Côte d'Ivoire (ARTCI, Telecommunications/ICT Regulatory Authority of Côte d’Ivoire). The service provider, who is subject to professional secrecy, or the person providing or importing a cryptology means, must make available to the ARTCI a description of the technical characteristics of this cryptology means (Art. 8). In addition, the use of cryptology means and services ensuring confidentiality functions is free only if they are based on secret codes managed by an organization approved by the ARTCI, and the Authority must ensure, by any means, that the secret codes are not contrary to public policy or do not undermine the interests of national defence or the internal or external security of the State (Art. 6). Besides, the use of the means and services of cryptology beyond 32 bits for confidentiality is subject to authorisation (Art. 7).
Coverage Horizontal
COTE D'IVOIRE
Since March 2014
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Mandatory disclosure of business trade secrets such as algorithms or source code
Decree No. 2014-105 of 12 March 2014 Defining the Conditions for Providing Cryptology Services (Décret No. 2014-105 du 12 mars 2014 portant définition des conditions de fourniture des prestations de cryptologie)
Under Art. 16 of Decree No. 214-105, competent administrative or judicial authorities can access secret codes of encrypted data upon request to the Telecommunications Regulatory Agency of Cote d'Ivoire (ARTCI) or order decryption of data through the help of ARTCI.
Coverage Horizontal
COTE D'IVOIRE
N/A
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Effective protection covering trade secrets
Lack of comprehensive trade secret regime
Côte d'Ivoire does not have comprehensive trade secret legislation. Yet, there are provisions addressing disclosure, acquisition or use of confidential information in the course of industrial or commercial activities by third parties in Art. 6 of Annex VIII of the Bangui Agreement ratified by 17 French-speaking States, including Côte d'Ivoire since 2002.
Coverage Horizontal
