JORDAN
N/A
Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition |
Indicator Presence of an independent telecom authority
Presence of an independent telecom authority
It is reported that the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (TRC), the executive authority for the supervision and administration of services in the telecommunications sector, is independent from the government in the decision-making process.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230929211551/https://trc.gov.jo/Pages/viewpage?pageID=1
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231109093451/https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/sites/ppp.worldbank.org/files/documents/Jordan_telecomunication%20law_1995_EN.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20251204183849/https://app.gen5.digital/tracker/country-cards/Jordan
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JORDAN
Since September 2023, entry into force in March 2024
Pillar Cross-border data policies |
Indicator Conditional flow regime
Law No. 24 of 2023 - Personal Data Protection Law
القانون رقم (24) لسنة 2023 قانون حماية البيانات الشخصية
القانون رقم (24) لسنة 2023 قانون حماية البيانات الشخصية
Art. 15 of the Personal Data Protection Law provides that any cross-border transaction of personal information must be transferred to a party that has a sufficient level of data protection. The level of protection afforded to a data recipient is equivalent to that imposed by Jordanian laws and regulations, except in the following cases: judicial cooperation is established under international conventions and treaties; international cooperation in the field of combating crimes; data exchange is essential for patient treatment; data exchange is related to epidemiological and health disasters or public health related to Jordan; the data subject has approved the transfer of data after being made aware that the level of protection outside the jurisdiction is not equivalent to the level imposed by Jordanian laws and regulations; and transfer of funds abroad.
Coverage Horizontal
JORDAN
N/A
Pillar Cross-border data policies |
Indicator Participation in trade agreements committing to open cross-border data flows
Lack of participation in agreements with binding commitments on data flows
Jordan has not joined any agreement with binding commitments to open transfers of data across borders.
Coverage Horizontal
JORDAN
Since September 2023, entry into force in March 2024
Pillar Domestic data policies |
Indicator Framework for data protection
Law No. 24 of 2023 - Personal Data Protection Law
القانون رقم (24) لسنة 2023 قانون حماية البيانات الشخصية
القانون رقم (24) لسنة 2023 قانون حماية البيانات الشخصية
Law No. 24 provides a comprehensive regime of data protection in Jordan. The provisions of the Law are applicable to any personal and sensitive information processing of natural persons, whether such data was collected or processed before or after the effectiveness of the Law within Jordan, and apply to controllers who are also based outside of Jordan. The Law also applies to both domestic and international data transfers. In addition, the Law outlines several rights for individuals, namely the right to be informed, to access and obtain held data by the data controller, to object and withdraw consent, to correct, amend, add or update data, to restrict data processing, to be forgotten, to ensure data is erased, and to data portability. Furthermore, the Law includes obligations regarding the notification of data infringements and breaches to individuals.
Coverage Horizontal
JORDAN
Since May 2017
Since December 2018
Since December 2018
Pillar Domestic data policies |
Indicator Minimum period for data retention
Electronic Payment and Transfer of Money Regulation No. 111/2017
نظام الدفع والتحويل الالكتروني للأموال لسنة 2017
Instructions of Anti Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing For Electronic Payments and Money Transfer Companies No. 12/2018
نظام الدفع والتحويل الالكتروني للأموال لسنة 2017
Instructions of Anti Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing For Electronic Payments and Money Transfer Companies No. 12/2018
The Instructions of Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing For Electronic Payments and Money Transfer Companies No. 12/2018, issued under the Payment and Transfer of Money Regulation No. 111/2017, introduces a data retention requirement of five years for transaction data and system logs (Art. 13).
Coverage Financial sector
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240626152850/https://www.dlapiperdataprotection.com/index.html?t=law&c=JO
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240918122657/https://www.cbj.gov.jo/ebv4.0/root_storage/en/eb_list_page/4c677a06-7a87-45f2-9f9b-f6be53761dc9.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240625005228/https://www.cbj.gov.jo/EchoBusV3.0/SystemAssets/4b130b44-4158-48f1-8163-6056edbdbc50.pdf
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JORDAN
Since September 2023, entry into force in March 2024
Pillar Domestic data policies |
Indicator Requirement to perform a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) or have a data protection officer (DPO)
Law No. 24 of 2023 - Personal Data Protection Law
القانون رقم (24) لسنة 2023 قانون حماية البيانات الشخصية
القانون رقم (24) لسنة 2023 قانون حماية البيانات الشخصية
Art. 11.a of the Personal Data Protection Law provides that the controller shall be committed to appointing a DPO in the following instances:
- If the main business of the controller is the processing of personal data;
- They process sensitive personal data;
- They process the personal data of natural individuals who do not have legal capacity;
- Processing includes financial information;
- The responsible person transfers personal data outside Jordan;
- Any other case for which the Council decides to oblige the controller to appoint a DPO.
Pursuant to Art. 11.b.2 of the Personal Data Protection Law, one of the duties of the controller is to carry out a periodic assessment and evaluation of the database, data processing systems, and systems, preserving the security and safety of data. The controller must document the outcomes of such assessment, issue the necessary recommendations for protecting the data, and implement such recommendations alongside monitoring procedures adopted for protecting data and documenting compliance with the law and relevant legislation.
- If the main business of the controller is the processing of personal data;
- They process sensitive personal data;
- They process the personal data of natural individuals who do not have legal capacity;
- Processing includes financial information;
- The responsible person transfers personal data outside Jordan;
- Any other case for which the Council decides to oblige the controller to appoint a DPO.
Pursuant to Art. 11.b.2 of the Personal Data Protection Law, one of the duties of the controller is to carry out a periodic assessment and evaluation of the database, data processing systems, and systems, preserving the security and safety of data. The controller must document the outcomes of such assessment, issue the necessary recommendations for protecting the data, and implement such recommendations alongside monitoring procedures adopted for protecting data and documenting compliance with the law and relevant legislation.
Coverage Horizontal
JORDAN
Since February 2018
Pillar Domestic data policies |
Indicator Requirement to allow the government to access personal data collected
Regulation Regulating the Transportation of Passengers through Smart Applications No. 9 of 2018
نظام تنظيم نقل الركاب من خلال استخدام التطبيقات الذكية صا نظام رقم (۹) لسنة ٢٠١٨
نظام تنظيم نقل الركاب من خلال استخدام التطبيقات الذكية صا نظام رقم (۹) لسنة ٢٠١٨
Art. 5 of the Regulation Regulating the Transportation of Passengers through Smart Applications provides that the Land Transport Regulatory Commission has the discretion to request from an operator of ride-hailing apps the information it holds in its database, specifically relating to the service provider, the vehicle, the passenger and ride.
It is reported that as a result of this regulation, the Ministry of Transportation, as well as judicial and security bodies, can access the companies’ servers and databases without a court order.
It is reported that as a result of this regulation, the Ministry of Transportation, as well as judicial and security bodies, can access the companies’ servers and databases without a court order.
Coverage Ride-hailing apps
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20251205164435/https://freedomhouse.org/country/jordan/freedom-net/2024
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240718172928/https://www.ltrc.gov.jo/sites/default/files/d0001075_0.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20221204131135/https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/ride-hailing-apps-in-jordan/
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JORDAN
N/A
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place for copyright infringements
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability for copyright infringement is absent in Jordan's law and jurisprudence.
Coverage Horizontal
JORDAN
N/A
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator Safe harbour for intermediaries for any activity other than copyright infringement
Lack of intermediary liability framework in place for any activity other than copyright infringement
A basic legal framework on intermediary liability beyond copyright infringement is absent in Jordan's law and jurisprudence.
Coverage Horizontal
JORDAN
Reported in 2019, last reported in 2025
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator User identity requirement
Identity requirement for SIM cards
Jordan’s SIM registration framework mandates that mobile network operators collect and retain users’ personal data alongside verifiable proof of identity. In addition, it is reported that the regulatory regime stipulates the implementation of biometric authentication procedures, specifically requiring the capture of fingerprints.
Coverage Mobile network operators
Sources
- https://www.comparitech.com/blog/vpn-privacy/sim-card-registration-laws/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250830154747/https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-for-development/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Digital-Identity-Access-to-Mobile-Services-...
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230529092243/https://privacyinternational.org/state-privacy/1004/state-privacy-jordan
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JORDAN
Since January 1998, as amended in 2012, last amended in 2015
Pillar Intermediary liability |
Indicator Monitoring requirement
Law No. 8 of 1998 on Press and Publications
قانون المطبوعات والنشر رقم 8 لعام 1998
قانون المطبوعات والنشر رقم 8 لعام 1998
The Press and Publication Law No. 8 of 1998, as amended by Law No. 32 of 2012 on Press and Publication, imposes liability on intermediaries for the content posted on news sites, leaving outlets potentially responsible for readers’ comments. Art. 49 of the Law states that both the editors-in-chief and the owners of online publications are legally responsible for all content posted to their sites, resulting in a monitoring requirement. Moreover, websites must refrain from publishing any “untruthful” or “irrelevant” comments.
Coverage Online News
JORDAN
Reported in 2018, last reported in 2024
Pillar Content access |
Indicator Blocking or filtering of commercial web content
Blocking of commercial web content
The government periodically blocks websites and social media platforms, sometimes without clear justification. Since 2015, authorities have routinely restricted access to messaging apps during the days when secondary school students sit for their national exams (Tawjihi). In December 2022, TikTok was blocked amid protests by truck drivers over fuel price increases; although described as a “temporary ban,” the app reportedly remained inaccessible until the end of 2024. In 2024, hundreds of news websites were reportedly blocked for failing to obtain a license. In August 2023, the LGBT+ dating app Grindr was also reportedly blocked and remained inaccessible through the end of 2024. Widely used VPN services—such as ExpressVPN, Proton VPN, NordVPN, and TunnelBear—were blocked shortly after the social media app Clubhouse became inaccessible in March 2021, and many of these VPNs remained inaccessible as of June 2024. VPNs that allow users to bypass censorship have been targeted repeatedly. According to the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (TRC), by 2023 the total number of blocked websites and apps had reached 300, with several of these blocks reportedly enacted at the request of the Land Transport Regulatory Commission to restrict access to unlicensed rideshare apps.
Coverage Social media, messaging apps, and VPNs
JORDAN
Reported in 2024, last reported in 2025
Pillar Content access |
Indicator Presence of Internet shutdowns
Presence of Internet shutdowns
Internet shutdowns are rare in Jordan, although they have occurred in the past. During 2024, authorities reportedly conducted internet shutdowns amid protests and continued their annual practice of disrupting access to messaging applications during high school exams.
In addition, the indicator "7.2.4 - Government Internet shut down in practice" of the V-Dem Dataset, which measures whether the government has the technical capacity to actively make internet service cease, thus interrupting domestic access to the internet or whether the government has decided to do so, has a score of 3 in Jordan for the year 2024. This corresponds to "Rarely but there have been a few occasions throughout the year when the government shut down domestic access to Internet."
In addition, the indicator "7.2.4 - Government Internet shut down in practice" of the V-Dem Dataset, which measures whether the government has the technical capacity to actively make internet service cease, thus interrupting domestic access to the internet or whether the government has decided to do so, has a score of 3 in Jordan for the year 2024. This corresponds to "Rarely but there have been a few occasions throughout the year when the government shut down domestic access to Internet."
Coverage Horizontal
JORDAN
Since February 2022
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other limitations on foreign participation in public procurement
Government Procurement Regulation No. 8 of 2022
نظام المشتريات الحكومية رقم 8 لسنة 2022
نظام المشتريات الحكومية رقم 8 لسنة 2022
Art. 15.b of the Government Procurement Regulation No. 8 of 2022 establishes a preference for domestic bidders or price preferences. Moreover, Art. 8.7 grants priority to domestic products over a foreign product if the bids are equivalent. The article stipulates that preference is given to local products determined by the Council of Ministers, provided that they fulfil the requirements stipulated in the purchase documents, and grants priority in terms of price only.
Coverage Horizontal
JORDAN
N/A
Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Signatory of the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) with coverage of the most relevant services sectors (CPC 752, 754, 84)
Lack of participation in the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA)
Jordan is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). However, the country has been an observer of the WTO GPA since 2000.
Coverage Horizontal
