Law No. 87 of 2018 Regulating Road Transport Services Using Information Technology, a law passed to regulate ride-sharing apps, requires companies to share user data with authorities “on request” and “according to the law.” Art. 9 states that all land transportation service companies are required to provide the country’s national security agencies with “all their customers’ data”. Requests for data do not need to be accompanied by a warrant, though a decree from the prime minister is required.
Resolution No. 2180 acts as the executive regulation of Law No. 87. According to Art. 10 of the Resolution, ride-sharing companies are to submit to the Ministry of Transportation six months’ worth of “customers’ data” from all rides provided upon request by the Ministry.

Section 3-3 of Egypt’s IoT Framework requires that users of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) devices must neither transfer data outside Egypt nor operate any component of an M2M network that provides services beyond Egyptian territory. This obligation is part of the regulatory pledges imposed on importers and users seeking approval from the National Telecom Regulatory Authority (NTRA) to import, manufacture, or assemble M2M devices. It applies regardless of whether the devices are used for personal or commercial purposes.

Art. 35 of Law No. 180 stipulates that a backup copy of the digital edition of newspapers must be located in a dedicated server within the territory of Egypt. Pursuant to Art. 5 of the Executive Regulations issued under Law No. 180 of 2018, this server must be situated in a secure location, disclosed to the Supreme Council, and may not be altered without the Council’s prior written approval.

Under Art. 16 of the "Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation", media outlets and licensed electronic websites are obliged to retain all broadcast content for a minimum of one year from the date of transmission. They must also submit a copy of this content to the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR) on a monthly basis. Additionally, a copy of the digital version of the content must be situated in a dedicated server within the Arab Republic of Egypt, in a location designated by the media outlet or website. This location must be secure, disclosed to the Supreme Council, and may not be altered without prior approval from the Council.
According to Art. 1 of Law No. 180, a media outlet is defined as terrestrial and satellite television channels, as well as wired, wireless, and electronic radio stations. A licensed electronic website refers to a page, link, or electronic application that is formally authorised and provides journalistic, media, or advertising content in textual, audio, visual, static, dynamic, or multimedia formats. It must be issued under a specific name, possess a defined electronic address and domain, and be created, hosted, or accessed via the Internet.

Section 7-3 of Egypt’s IoT Framework explicitly requires that satellite operators licensed to provide IoT connectivity services must establish an Earth station within Egypt. This station must be used to transmit IoT service data across the country. Exceptions to this requirement are only permitted with prior approval from the National Telecom Regulatory Authority (NTRA).

Art. 14 of Law No. 151 of 2020 on Personal Data Protection prohibits the transfer of personal data to a foreign country unless the laws of the foreign country guarantee a minimum level of protection that is equal to the level stipulated by Egyptian law. Moreover, the transfer of data abroad requires an authorisation or a license from the Data Protection Centre. Art. 15 enumerates several specific exceptions to the obligation of Art. 14 subject to the express consent of the person concerned with the data or his representative.

Egypt has not joined any free trade agreement committing to open transfers of cross-border data flows.

Law on the Protection of Personal Data provides a comprehensive regime of data protection in Egypt. The law has similarities with the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) and includes data subject rights, data controller and processor obligations, and strict conditions for data transfers to foreign countries.

Egypt does not have a comprehensive framework in place that provides effective protection of trade secrets, but there are limited measures addressing some issues related to them. Arts. 55–61 of Book One of Law No. 82 of 2002 on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights provide some general information about trade secrets. Moreover, Art. 55 defines undisclosed information and Art. 58 defines what constitutes unfair commercial practices and the illicit acquisition and misappropriation of undisclosed information. However, unlike many other jurisdictions, Egyptian law puts a firm onus on the proprietor and/or owner of the undisclosed information to have adequate safeguards against the acquisition of the information. When no such adequate safeguards are judged to have been in place, the owner or proprietor of the undisclosed information is potentially held to also be liable for any illicit acquisition and misappropriation. Art. 57 states that “the person who is lawfully in control of such (undisclosed) information shall not be exempt from liability when others infringe the information unless he proves that he has exerted reasonable and adequate efforts to preserve such information.

It is reported that there is a mandatory requirement in Egypt for the sharing of passive infrastructure to enable the delivery of telecommunications services to end-users. This practice is observed in both the mobile and fixed-line sectors.

Law No. 10 of 2003 sets restrictions on Telecom Egypt, which is the monopoly operator of the fixed internet services and infrastructure market. Art. 63 stipulates that "the shares of Telecom Egypt can be offered for sale at a partial value of the Company capital upon a decree from the Cabinet with the condition that the greater part of the capital remains State-owned".

It is reported that the government holds a 70% ownership stake in the telecommunications company Telecom Egypt.

It is reported that Egypt does not mandate functional separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market. However, there is an obligation of accounting separation.

Under Section 2 of the "Framework for Satellite Operators Providing Telecom Services to Earth Station Terminals", foreign satellite operators and their distributors are prohibited from operating without first obtaining authorisation from the National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (NTRA). The framework stipulates that any entity intending to provide or lease satellite capacity within the jurisdiction must secure the requisite licences and permits. This obligation extends to both primary satellite operators and intermediaries engaged in facilitating satellite-based communication services. Pursuant to Section 3, operators are required to remit an annual fee of USD 1,000 and furnish a financial guarantee amounting to USD 2,000.

It is reported that a minimum capital requirement exists for the acquisition of a telecommunications licence.