Database

Browse Database

EGYPT

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Lack of signature of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Egypt has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal

EGYPT

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Egypt has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal

EGYPT

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Egypt has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal

EGYPT

Since 1991

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Restrictions on domain names
Local representative required to register a Top Level Domain name
The Egyptian Universities Network (EUN), part of the Egyptian Supreme Council of Universities, is responsible for managing and operating the ".eg" Top-level Domain infrastructure and services, as well as for registering all the academic, educational and Governmental domains under the Arabic TLD (مصر ). It is reported that in the EUN's domain registration portal, companies that do not have a headquarters in the Arab Republic of Egypt need to have a local representative to register a domain name. Moreover, it is reported that the registered domain name must correspond to either a registered company name or trademark that exists outside of Egypt.
Coverage Horizontal

EGYPT

Since September 2018, last amended in April 2024

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Law No. 181 of 2018 on Consumer Protection
قانون رقم 181 لسنة 2018 لحماية المستهلك
Law No. 181 of 2018 establishes an extensive regulatory framework for consumer protection, encompassing provisions applicable to electronic and online transactions.
Coverage Horizontal

EGYPT

Since February 2003

Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Import ban applied on ICT goods or online services
Egypt Telecommunication Regulation Law - Law No. 10 of 2003
قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات
According to Art. 46 of Law No. of 2003, imports of used telecommunications materials for trading purposes are prohibited.
Coverage Used telecommunications materials

EGYPT

Since February 2003

Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Egypt Telecommunication Regulation Law - Law No. 10 of 2003
قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات
According to Art. 44 of Law No. of 2003, the import of telecommunications equipment requires the permission of the National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (NTRA).
Coverage Telecommunications equipment

EGYPT

Since August 2018

Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Law No. 180 of 2018 Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قانون 180 لسنة 2018 بشأن تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام
According to Art. 23 of Law No. 180 of 2018, it is not allowed to import all broadcasting devices or decoding devices for receiving audio or video broadcasts except after obtaining written approval from the Supreme Council for Media Regulation, without prejudice to the requirements of the National Telecommunication Authority.
Coverage Broadcasting devices or decoding devices for receiving audio or video broadcasts

EGYPT

Since February 2020

Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Export restrictions on ICT goods or online services
Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 418 of 2020 Issuing Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قرار رئيس مجلس الوزراء رقم 418 لسنة 2020 بإصدار اللائحة التنفيذية لقانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام الصادر بالقانون رقم 180
Art. 22 of Resolution No. 418 stipulates that a licence from the Supreme Council for Media Regulation and in accordance with the rules and conditions the Authority sets is required for transferring content (whether recorded or live broadcast) from within the Arab Republic of Egypt to a media outlet or a website operating outside the Republic.
Coverage Recorded or live broadcast content

EGYPT

Reported in 2021, last reported in 2025

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Self-certification for product safety
SDoC allowed for foreign business
It is reported that the conformity assessment procedure for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)/electromagnetic interference (EMI) relies on the Supplier's Declaration of Conformity (SDoC). In particular, the supplier or manufacturer of the equipment declares the equipment meets the technical and administrative requirements on the basis of test reports by a testing laboratory recognised by the regulator. The test reports are submitted to the regulator, and type approval for the equipment is required based on the documents submitted. No local testing is required. The testing labs are recognised by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) and the European Commission (EC).
Coverage Horizontal

EGYPT

Since February 2003, last amended in December 2022

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Product screening and additional testing requirements
Egypt Telecommunication Regulation Law - Law No. 10 of 2003
قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات
Art. 44 of Egypt’s Telecommunications Law No. 10 of 2003 stipulates that the import, manufacture, assembly, possession, use, operation, installation, or marketing of any telecommunications equipment is prohibited unless prior authorisation has been obtained from the National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (NTRA). Such authorisation must conform to the standards, specifications, and categories of equipment approved by the NTRA. In addition, before the NTRA imports, manufactures, assembles, possesses, or utilises equipment for its own purposes, and prior to granting permits to entities within the state’s administrative apparatus including ministries, agencies, organs, local administrative units, bodies, companies of all types, individuals, and others, it is required to secure the approval of the Armed Forces, the National Security Authority, and the Ministry of the Interior. The scope of telecommunications equipment subject to these provisions shall be determined by a decision of the Minister of Defence in coordination with the national security agencies.
It is reported that such equipment may include routers or networking devices, for instance. However, this prohibition, in any of its forms, is not intended to encompass peripheral communication devices such as mobile phones, smartwatches, and other end-user equipment.
Coverage Telecommunication equipment

EGYPT

Since August 2018
Since February 2020

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Restrictions on encryption standards
Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قانون رقم 180 لسنة 2018 بإصدار قانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام

Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 418 of 2020 Issuing Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
قرار رئيس مجلس الوزراء رقم 418 لسنة 2020 بإصدار اللائحة التنفيذية لقانون تنظيم الصحافة والإعلام والمجلس الأعلى لتنظيم الإعلام الصادر بالقانون رقم 180
Art. 72 of Law No. 180 of 2018, Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation, grants the right to establish and license encrypted satellites and digital platforms in Egypt exclusively to the Supreme Council”. The license is issued after the approval of the National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. The article also stipulates that granting the license is only possible for state-owned companies.
Coverage Encrypted satellites and digital platforms

EGYPT

Since February 2003

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Restrictions on encryption standards
Egypt Telecommunication Regulation Law - Law No. 10 of 2003
قانون رقم ١٠ لسنة ٢٠٠٣ بإصدار قانون تنظيم الاتصالات
Art. 64 of Law No.10 of 2003 on Telecommunication Regulations prohibits the use of any telecommunication service encryption equipment without written authorisation from the National Telecom Regulatory Authority (NTRA), the armed forces and national security entities. It is reported that, in practice, there are widespread restrictions when it comes to encryption, with the absence of a general right to encryption in legislation and regulations.
Coverage Telecommunication sector

EGYPT

Since April 2021

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Restrictions on online payments
Central Bank of Egypt Mobile Payments Regulation
The Central Bank of Egypt Mobile Payments Regulation - Version 3 imposes a number of restrictions affecting cross-border payments through cell phone account wallets. In addition, it also restricts foreigners' access to payment services through Egyptian cell phone accounts in the country. The restrictions imposed by the CBE regulations include:
- The opening of cell phone accounts for individual users of the system is limited to those who hold Egyptian citizenship.
- Mobile money transfers are only possible within the Republic of Egypt and in the local currency (EGP).
- No exchange of other currencies and no exchange or clearing transactions between customer accounts in other currencies is possible without referring to the Central Bank of Egypt for approval, including transfer controls.
Service users are allowed to receive transfers from abroad in foreign currencies to add to their EGP accounts.
- The maximum daily transaction limit allowed for withdrawals, transfers, and any purse deductions for individual customers is set at EGP 30,000 (approx. 970 USD).
- The maximum daily transaction limit allowed for withdrawals, transfers, and any e-wallet deductions for corporate clients is EGP 40,000 (approx. 1,294 USD).
- The maximum monthly transaction limit allowed for withdrawals, transfers, and any e-wallet deductions for individual customers is EGP 100,000 (approx. 3,236 USD).
- The maximum monthly transaction limit allowed for withdrawals, transfers, and any purse deductions for corporate clients is EGP 200,000 (approx. 6,472 USD).
Coverage Mobile payments

EGYPT

Reported in 2021, last reported in 2024

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule
Lack of de minimis threshold
It is reported that Egypt does not apply any de minimis threshold, which is defined as the minimum value of goods below which customs duties are not imposed.
Coverage Horizontal

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