Database

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SINGAPORE

Since October 2012, entry into force in July 2014

Pillar Domestic data policies  |  Indicator Minimum period for data retention
Personal Data Protection Act 2012
Telecom licences granted to operators usually contain data retention requirements, which are, on average, 12 months. The Infocomm Media Development Authority, IMDA, reserves the right to require its licensees to retain records as they may deem necessary.
Coverage Telecommunication sector
"SELECT DISTINCT(post_id) FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'score' AND\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'country' AND meta_value = 'SG')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAND (\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.1') OR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.2') OR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.3')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t)"
[{"post_id":"87096"},{"post_id":"87097"},{"post_id":"87098"}]
"SELECT meta_value FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'impact' AND\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'country' AND meta_value = 'SG')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAND (\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.1') OR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.2')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t)"
"SELECT meta_value FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'score' AND\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'country' AND meta_value = 'SG')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAND (\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.3')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t)"
ITA: [{"meta_value":"0.00"}]

SINGAPORE

ITA signatory? I II

Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods  |  Indicator Effective tariff rate on ICT goods (applied weighted average)
Effective tariff rate to ICT goods (applied weighted average)
0%
Coverage rate of zero-tariffs on ICT goods (%)
100%
Coverage: ICT goods

SINGAPORE

Since March 1997
Since December 2015

Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods  |  Indicator Participation in the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and 2015 expansion (ITA II)
Information Technology Agreement (ITA)

ITA Expansion Agreement (ITA II)
Singapore is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996 and its 2015 expansion (ITA II).
Coverage ICT goods

SINGAPORE

N/A

Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Signatory of the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) with coverage of the most relevant services sectors (CPC 752, 754, 84)
Lack of coverage of CPC 754, CPC 752, and CPC 84 in the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA)
Although Singapore is a signatory to the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), its coverage schedules do not include "telecommunications-related services" (CPC 754) and do not fully cover "computer-related services" (CPC 84) and "telecommunications services" (CPC 752), which are important service sectors for digital trade.
Coverage Telecommunications services

SINGAPORE

Since December 1967, last amended in July 2023
Since December 1999, last amended in November 2022
Since April 2012

Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade  |  Indicator Maximum foreign equity share
Companies Act 1967

Telecommunications Act

Telecom Competition Code 2012
There are no ownership restrictions for telecommunications, manufacturing of information and communication technology goods and products, computer and related services, and online broadcasting. A foreign entity may wholly own telecommunications licensees that are Singapore-incorporated companies. Licensees must be either incorporated under or, if a foreign company, registered under the Singapore Companies Act (Cap 50).
Coverage Horizontal

SINGAPORE

Since December 1967, last amended in July 2023

Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade  |  Indicator Nationality/residency requirement for directors or managers
Companies Act 1967
Pursuant to Section 145.1 of the Companies Act, it is a legal requirement for every company to appoint at least one director who is ordinarily resident in Singapore.
Coverage Horizontal

SINGAPORE

Since December 1999, last amended in November 2022
Since April 2012

Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade  |  Indicator Screening of investment and acquisitions
Telecommunications Act

Telecom Competition Code 2012
According to Art. 10 of the Telecommunications Competition Code and pursuant to Art. 26 of the Telecommunications Act, acquisitions higher than 12% of a controller of a designated telecommunications licensee must seek prior approval from the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA). Likewise, in the case of acquisitions higher than 30% of the total voting shares or voting power, which results in a 30% or higher controlling stake of the designated telecommunication licensee, prior approval of the IDA is required.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

SINGAPORE

Since November 1994, entry into force in February 1995

Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)  |  Indicator Participation in the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
Patent Cooperation Treaty
Singapore is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).
Coverage Horizontal

SINGAPORE

Since September 2021

Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)  |  Indicator Copyright law with clear exceptions
Copyright Act 2021
The Copyright Act provides a clear regime of copyright exceptions that follows the fair use model, which enables the lawful use of copyrighted work by others without obtaining permission. Chapter 63 outlines the exceptions, which include the use of works for research and study, criticism or review, and reporting current events in relation to various works and subject matters.
Coverage Horizontal

RUSSIA

Since February 1992
Since April 2011

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce
Law of the Russian Federation No. 2300-I of 7 February 1992 “On Consumer Rights Protection”

Federal Law No. 63-FZ "On Electronic Signature"
The Law On Consumer Rights Protection and the Law On Electronic Signature provide a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions. The Russian law on e-signatures recognises the same legal effect of electronic signatures as that of handwritten signatures.
Coverage Horizontal

RUSSIA

Since 2007, entry into force since 2014

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts
Russia has signed and ratified the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.
Coverage Horizontal

RUSSIA

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
Russia has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.
Coverage Horizontal

RUSSIA

N/A

Pillar Online sales and transactions  |  Indicator UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Lack of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Russia has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.
Coverage Horizontal

RUSSIA

Since April 2011

Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Restrictions on encryption standards
Federal Law No. 128-FZ “On Licensing Specific Types of Activity” (Федеральный закон "О лицензировании отдельных видов деятельности" от 08.08.2001 N 128-ФЗ)
Companies need to acquire a license in order to be engaged in distributing encryption facilities, maintaining encryption facilities, providing encryption services, and developing and manufacturing encryption facilities protected by means of encryption under Art. 12 of Federal Law No. 128-FZ “On Licensing Specific Types of Activity”.
Coverage Encryption services

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