According to Art. 63 of the Public Procurement Law, it is possible for contracting authorities to insert provisions to the tender documents indicating that the tender is exclusively open to domestic tenderers.

Since February 2014, amendments to the Public Procurement Code have introduced defined local preference margins for medium- and high-technology products in Türkiye, replacing the previously discretionary application of such margins by issuing authorities. Art. 63 of the Turkish Public Procurement Code, as amended by Art. 74 of Law No. 7033 on the Amendment of Certain Laws and Decrees to Support the Development of Industry and Production, establishes the following provisions:
- Bidders offering domestic products in goods procurement may receive a price advantage of up to 15%. Additionally, a mandatory 15% price advantage is granted to bidders supplying domestic products identified as medium- or high-technology by the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology. These products are selected based on recommendations from relevant institutions and included in an annually published list. The initial list, published in January 2015, included 2,139 items such as computers, mobile phones, and televisions.
- For construction projects, ministries may require that all or part of the machinery, materials, equipment, and software used are sourced domestically, based on technological classifications.
Furthermore, the eligibility criteria for a "domestic product" benefiting from these preference margins were detailed in September 2014 in Art. 4 of the Domestic Goods Communiqué. These criteria include:
- Production by enterprises registered with the Ministry of Industry, with the product listed in the “production content” category of the registration certificate.
- Completion of essential production stages entirely within Türkiye, including final processing.
- A local contribution of at least 51% of the final production cost.

The Regulation on the Implementation of the Turkish Industrial Cooperation Program gives civilian ministries the authority to impose commercial offset requirements in procurement contracts. A foreign company that wins a Turkish government procurement contract may be required to produce a certain percentage locally or with a local partner or transfer technology in order to provide its products and services. It is reported that the Turkish Government has imposed these requirements in the telecom and ICT sectors, among others.

It is reported that although Turkish government procurement law requires government contracting agencies to consider best-value pricing, the lowest-cost bids are selected in most tenders. In a scenario involving the procurement of highly technical goods or services, this may prevent consideration of bids from firms with the highest capacity and best abilities, including foreign firms, i.e., those that provide a greater number of services, lower life cycle costs, and higher quality products. It is also reported that certain other features of the Turkish procurement system severely limit the ability of foreign companies to participate in government tenders. First, Turkish procurement law mandates the use of model contracts, i.e., standard forms, which many government procuring agencies refuse to modify. These model contracts make it difficult for foreign companies to formulate proposals that are fully responsive to procuring agencies’ requirements. In addition, foreign companies, including those with Turkish subsidiaries, have reported difficulties complying with onerous documentation requirements imposed by contracting agencies.

Türkiye is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). However, the country has been an observer of the WTO GPA since 1996.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 50, below the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

According to the Domain Name Registration Policy 2020, the domain name ".co.th" is designed for business entities registered with the Department of Business Development in Thailand, state enterprises, or any person who registered the Value Added Tax with the Revenue Department in Thailand. In addition, according to Section 2 of the guidelines, the domain name holder can be a foreigner who holds a registered trademark with the Department of Intellectual Property (DIP) in Thailand. However, foreign juristic persons or trademark owners must appoint an agent to hold rights in a domain name on their behalf.

The Consumer Protection Act 1979 and the Direct Sales and Direct Marketing Act 2002 provide a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions.

Thailand has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Thailand has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Thailand has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

It is reported that no compulsory assessment procedure is in place to certify electronic products.

According to Clause 5 of the Ministry of Commerce's Notification (No. 11) 2010, a website that includes the transaction of goods and services must register the 'E-Commercial Registration' under the Commercial Registration Act 1956 (amended by the Commercial Registration Act (No. 2) in 2006). Therefore, the electronic businesses operating in the internet system, service providers, web hosting, e-marketplace, or platform (for example, Lazada, Shopee, etc.) are required to register with the Department of Business Development (DBD). In addition, the DBD registration is valid for five years. Also, ordinary persons and juristic persons engaged in e-commerce businesses without commercial registration are considered to be in violation and shall be subject to a fine penalty as stipulated. Furthermore, foreign companies are required to submit additional documents for registration, including a copy of the company registration, an appointment of operation in Thailand, work permits, and a foreign business license or document certificate (if any).

The Direct Sales and Direct Marketing Act requires businesses that engage in direct sales/marketing to register with the Office of the Consumer Protection Board (OCPB). The definition of "direct marketing" has been amended to include e-commerce transactions. Business operators who fail to register as required will be punishable by a fine, imprisonment, or both.
In accordance with the provisions of the Act, the criteria for registering in the field of direct selling involve the following conditions: (i) the business entity must be structured as a partnership with a minimum registered capital of 500,000 Thai Baht (approx. USD 16,000), or alternatively, it can be a limited company or a public limited company with a minimum registered and paid-up capital of 1,000,000 Thai Baht (approx. USD 32,000); (ii) it is mandatory for direct selling operators to share joint and several liability with consumers who make purchases of goods or services through their independent distributors.
The conditions for registering and marking in the field of direct selling encompass the following: (i) applicants are obligated to furnish a guarantee to the registrar in an amount specified by the Ministerial Regulation, along with the preparation of a purchase and sale document in the Thai language; (ii) applicants must not have had their registration revoked in the five years leading up to the application submission, and the individual responsible for the operations must also not have faced a revocation during that period.
In addition, the Ministerial Regulation 2018 provides a list of activities which are not considered direct marketing, which include (i) a natural person who has not registered as a direct marketing operator and earns no more than 1,800,000 Thai Baht (approx. USD 50,000) per year from selling products or services through an electronic commerce platform; (ii) a small and medium-sized enterprise that legally registers in accordance with Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion Law; (iii) a community enterprise and their networks which legally register in accordance with the Community Enterprise Promotion Law; (iv) the cooperatives and the group of farmers who legally register in accordance with the Cooperatives Law.

List 3 of the Foreign Business Act includes industries in which "Thai nationals are not yet ready to compete with foreigners". These are open to foreign investors provided they receive a licence from the Director-General of the Department of Business Development of the Ministry of Commerce and approval from the Foreign Business Committee. A wide range of businesses are covered under List 3, including advertising businesses. A foreign company can engage in List 3 activities if Thai nationals hold a majority of the limited company’s shares. Any company with a majority of foreign shareholders (more than 50%) cannot engage in List 3 activities unless it receives an exception from the Ministry of Commerce under its Foreign Business License application.