Taiwan is not a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). However, any applicant from a WTO member who files a patent application in Taiwan based on a PCT application may claim a right of priority if the PCT application is a legal application.

The Copyright Act provides a clear regime of copyright exceptions that follows the fair use model, which enables the lawful use of copyrighted work by others without obtaining permission. Art. 65, as amended in July 2003, lists the acts that shall be noted as the basis for the determination of fair use. In determining whether the exploitation of work complies with the reasonable scope or other conditions of fair use, all circumstances shall be taken into account, and in particular, the following facts shall be noted as the basis for determination: (i) the purposes and nature of the exploitation, including whether such exploitation is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; (ii) the nature of the work; (iii) the amount and substantiality of the portion exploited in relation to the work as a whole; (iv) effect of the exploitation on the work's current and potential market value.

It is reported that stakeholders in Taiwan continue to report notable levels of online copyright piracy through illicit streaming devices or illicit Internet Protocol Television services that unlawfully retransmit telecommunications signals and channels containing copyrighted content via dedicated web portals or third-party applications. Moreover, right holders report serious challenges with respect to the unauthorised use of textbooks and copyrighted teaching materials, particularly via on-campus digital platforms.

Taiwan has not signed the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

Taiwan has not signed the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.

Trade Secrets Act provides a framework for effective protection of trade secrets. According to Art. 1 of the law, trade secrets are referred to as any method, technology, process, formula, program, design, or other information that may be applied in the course of production, sales, or business operations. The information shall be protected if and only if it is commercially valuable because of its secrecy and reasonable confidentiality measures have been taken to keep it secret. In addition, according to Art. 15, the protection of trade secrets of foreign nationals is based on the principle of reciprocity. In principle, if a foreign national's home country does not deny protection to the trade secrets of Taiwan nationals, and the foreign national's trade secrets meet the requirements of Taiwan's Trade Secret Act, the foreign national will enjoy the protection of such trade secrets under Taiwan's Trade Secret Act.

There is no obligation for passive infrastructure sharing in Taiwan to deliver telecom services to end users, and it is not practised both in the mobile and fixed sectors based on commercial agreements.

According to Art. 36 of the Telecommunications Management Act (2020), foreign ownership in facility-based telecommunication companies (Type I telecommunications enterprises) is limited to 49% of the shares. Additionally, foreigners may not hold more than 60% of such shares when considering both direct and indirect shareholding, such as through the establishment of a Taiwanese company. This restriction specifically applies to Type I telecom enterprises, which, as defined in Art. 11 of the Telecommunications Act, are companies that install telecommunications line facilities and equipment to provide services. In contrast, Type II telecommunications enterprises encompass all other telecom providers.

Chungwa Telecom, the largest network operator, used to be a state-owned enterprise but has been privatised in 2005. The government owns 35.29% of its shares. Taiwan Mobile is owned by private shareholders. For Far Eastone Telecommunications Co., Ltd, the government owns 3.24% of its shares. For Asia Pacific Telecom Co., Ltd., the government owns 6.86% of its shares.

Although Taiwan is a signatory to the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), its coverage schedules do not include "telecommunications-related services" (CPC 754), which is an important service sector for digital trade.

According to Art. 36 of the Telecommunications Management Act (2020), a foreigner may not own more than 49% of the shares of a facility-based telecommunication company. Furthermore, a foreigner may not own more than 60% of such shares in the sum of direct and indirect shareholding (e.g., by setting up a Taiwanese company). This only applies to Type I telecom enterprises. According to Art. 11 of the Telecommunications Act, telecommunications enterprises are classified into Type I telecommunications enterprises, which install telecommunications line facilities and equipment in order to provide telecommunications services, and Type II telecommunications enterprises, which include all other telecom providers.

Art. 4 of the Satellite Broadcasting Act states that foreigners may not own more than 50% of the total shares issued by providers of satellite broadcasting services. Key definitions relevant to this provision are outlined in Art. 2 as follows:
- Satellite broadcasting: refers to the transmission of sound or visual signals, via satellite, for audio and visual reception by the public;
- Satellite broadcasting business: refers to a direct satellite broadcasting service operator or a satellite broadcasting program supplier;
- Direct satellite broadcasting service operator: refers to a business which uses its own or others' facilities to provide satellite broadcasting services and directly charge subscribers for the service;
- Satellite broadcasting program supplier: refers to a legal entity which transmits programs or advertisements, via satellite, to public audio and visual broadcasting platform with its own transponders or channels or those rented from satellite transponder operators.

Under the Statute for Investment by Foreign Nationals, all foreign investments must receive approval from the Investment Commission (IC) of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (Art. 8). Foreign investment, as defined by the Statute, includes: (a) holding shares issued by a Taiwanese company or contributing to its capital assets, (b) establishing a branch office in Taiwan, or (c) providing a loan to the invested enterprise in cases of (a) or (b) for more than one year (Art. 4).
According to Art. 7 of the Statute, foreign investment is prohibited in industries that may threaten national security, public order, good customs and practices, or public health, as well as in sectors listed on the negative list. Prohibited industries include radio broadcasting and the radio-television sector.
In contrast, foreign investment in restricted industries must be approved by the IC under Art. 8 of the Statute. Restricted sectors include satellite television broadcasting. It has been reported that "regulatory and legislative scrutiny of select investments, on grounds unrelated to national security, contributes to ongoing concerns about the predictability of Taiwan's investment approval procedures.

Under the Statute for Investment by Overseas Chinese, all investments by overseas Chinese companies must be approved by the Investment Commission (IC) of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (Art. 8). The Statute defines investment as (a) holding shares issued by a Taiwanese company or contributing to its capital assets, (b) establishing a branch office in Taiwan, or (c) providing a loan to the invested enterprise in cases of (a) or (b) for a period exceeding one year (Art. 4).
Investment is prohibited in industries that (a) may threaten national security, public order, good customs and practices, or public health, or (b) are included on the negative list, as stipulated under Art. 7 of the Statute. Prohibited industries on the negative list include radio broadcasting and the radio-television sector.
In contrast, foreign investment in restricted sectors must receive approval from the IC under Art. 8 of the Statute. Restricted industries include satellite television broadcasting.

Under Art. 73 of the Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area (enacted in 1992), investment activities in the Taiwan Area by any individual, legal entity, organisation, or institution from Mainland China, or by any company it invests in within a third area, are prohibited unless expressly permitted by the competent authorities.
According to Art. 3 of the Measures Governing Investment Permit to the People of Mainland Area (Measures), companies invested in a third area refer to those where individuals, legal entities, organisations, or institutions from Mainland China either (a) directly or indirectly hold more than 30% of the shares or the total contributing amount, or (b) exercise controlling power over the companies in a third area. Investment from Mainland China in this manner requires approval from the Ministry of Economic Affairs under Art. 8 of the Measures. Additionally, investment is prohibited under Art. 8 if it results in (a) economic exclusivity, oligopoly, or monopoly, (b) political, social, or cultural sensitivity, or a threat to national security, or (c) a negative impact on national economic development or financial stability.