There is no obligation for passive infrastructure sharing in Uzbekistan to deliver telecom services to end users. However, it is reported that passive sharing is practised in the mobile sector based on commercial agreements.

It is reported that to become a registered user in online forums, individuals must provide personally identifiable information. Individuals are increasingly encouraged to register with their real names to participate in discussion forums such as the state-run Uforum.

Foreign operators are reportedly not permitted to own or operate an international gateway. The ownership and operation of international gateways are monopolised by Uzbektelecom, a state-controlled entity.

The government owns shares in several telecommunications companies. In particular, 96.4% of the shares of Uzbektelecom JSC are held by Uzbek public institutions. In addition, three of the five mobile operators active in the mobile market are state-owned, namely Ucell (49% owned by the State Assets Management Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan), Mobiuz (fully owned by the Ministry for Development of Information Technologies and Communications), and UzMobile (sub-brand of Uzbektelecom).

Uzbekistan does not mandate functional or accounting separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market.

It is reported that licensing can be an instrument of control in the telecommunications sector, that the process is often encumbered by political interests and has historically been marred by bribery. Annex No. 1 of Law No. LRU-701 lists the activities for which a licence is required, including design, construction, operation, and provision of services of telecommunications networks. In addition, Annex No. 15 of Resolution No. 80 lists the documents to be submitted for obtaining the license and establishes the licensing requirements and conditions to be met when carrying out licensed activities, including the licensee's participation in the implementation of national programs for the development of telecommunications to solve national problems, and the mandatory provision of services to consumers in rural areas, sparsely populated and hard-to-reach areas.

Uzbekistan has not appended the World Trade Organization (WTO) Telecom Reference Paper to its schedule of commitments. In fact, Uzbekistan is not a member of the WTO.

The country's telecommunications authority is the Ministry for Development of Information Technologies and Communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan (MiTC). As a result, the authority lacks independence in its decision-making, and reports suggest that its operations are conducted with limited transparency.

Art. 27-1 of the Law on Personal Data provides that the owners and/or operators are obliged to ensure that databases containing personal data of citizens of Uzbekistan are collected, systematised, and stored using technical means physically located in the territory of Uzbekistan. Moreover, the operators have to register their databases in the State Register of Personal Databases.

In accordance with Art. 15 of the Law on Personal Data, cross-border transfers of personal data can be carried out when a foreign state ensures adequate protection for the rights of the subjects of personal data. In the absence of such protection, the cross-border transfer of personal data is allowed in the following cases:
- the data subject has consented to the cross-border transfer of their personal data;
- there is a need to protect constitutional order, public order, the rights and freedoms of citizens, or the health and the morals of the population; or
- it is stipulated by international treaties.
The transfer of personal data may be prohibited or restricted in order to protect the constitutional system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, or to ensure the security of the State.

Uzbekistan has not joined any agreement with binding commitments to open transfers of data across borders.

The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Personal Data provides for a comprehensive regime of data protection regime in Uzbekistan. It is the first unified data protection law and outlines requirements for data subjects' consent, the purposes of processing, and notifying data subjects when transferring their personal data to a third party. The excludes biometric, educational, criminal and health information, previously included in a draft version, from its application.

Uzbekistan has a copyright regime under the Act No. LRU-42. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, therefore limiting the lawful use of copyrighted work by others. The exceptions are listed in Arts. 25-33 and include the reproduction of works for personal use, the free use of works indicating the name of the author, the use of works by reprographic reproduction, the free use of works permanently located in places open to the public, free public performance of works, the use of works for the purposes of pre-investigation checks, preliminary inquiries, preliminary investigations, administrative and judicial proceedings, free short-term recording produced by broadcasting organisations, free reproduction and adaptation of computer software or databases.

It is reported that, despite the country continuing to improve its copyright legal framework, there is a lack of effective and transparent procedures to avoid piracy in relation to the use of software by the government.

Uzbekistan has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty in July 2019.