The Czech Republic does not mandate functional separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market. However, accounting separation is required in certain cases.
Pursuant to Art. 51 of Act No. 127/2005 Coll. on Electronic Communications, the Czech Telecommunications Office (CTU) is mandated to analyse the relevant markets, in order to assess whether they are effectively competitive. On the basis of the market analysis, the CTU may designate an undertaking as having significant market power and, where appropriate, impose specific obligations, including the obligation to maintain separate records of costs and revenues.

It is reported that the Czech Telecommunication Office (CTU), the executive authority for the supervision and administration of services in the telecommunications sector, is independent from the government in the decision-making process.

Line 1.4 of Annex No. 2 to Decree No. 316/2021 stipulates that specific operational data, which includes information relating to identified or identifiable users, must remain within the territory of the Member States of the European Union and the European Free Trade Association. This condition applies to cloud computing services offered to public authorities, thereby influencing the management of personal data within the public sector.

It is reported that foreign persons or entities may conduct business activity under the same conditions as Czechs.  Foreign entities have to register their permanent branches in the Czech Commercial Register, and there are no limits on foreign ownership.

The Foreign Investment Screening Act targets foreign investors whose ultimate beneficial owner is from non-EU countries and who acquire at least 10% of voting rights or substantial control over a Czech company in a sector vital to the security, public, or internal order of the Czech Republic (Art. 5). According to Art. 8, foreign investments in sectors involving selected dual-use goods or critical infrastructure, including critical information infrastructure, that could endanger national security or public order, require mandatory authorisation from the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) before the investment is completed. The screening process lasts 90 days, and if a national security risk is identified, the Czech government has an additional 45 days to decide whether to approve, conditionally approve, or prohibit the transaction (Art. 13).

The Czech Republic is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

The Czech Copyright Act has no general fair use/fair dealing but Arts. 29-39 of the Act provide an exhaustive list of exceptions and limitations of copyright, which, in certain specific cases, allow the general public to use works without the author’s consent. Directive 2001/29/EC defines an optional but exhaustive set of limitations from the author´s exclusive rights under the control of the “three-step test” in line with the Berne Convention that establishes three cumulative conditions to the limitations and exceptions of a copyright holder’s rights. The Directive has been transposed by Member States with significant freedom.

Copyright protection is not adequately enforced online in the Czech Republic. Although business software piracy rates are reportedly declining, the entertainment software industry continues to face significant problems, particularly due to delays in criminal enforcement proceedings. Reports indicate that offences involving copyright, related rights, and database rights in the digital environment persist, notably through the use of data repositories. In particular, the unauthorised distribution of films, music, software, book publications, and authors’ texts remains widespread.

The Czech Republic and the European Union have adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty. The Czech Republic acceded to the Treaty on 10 October 2001, with its provisions coming into force on 6 March 2002. Subsequently, the European Union ratified the Treaty on 14 December 2009, and it entered into effect on 14 March 2010.

The Czech Republic and the European Union have adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty. The Czech Republic acceded to the Treaty on 10 October 2001, with its provisions coming into force on 20 May 2002. Subsequently, the European Union ratified the Treaty on 14 December 2009, and it entered into effect on 14 March 2010.

Art. 85 of the Utilities Directive (2014/25/EU) contains provisions allowing contracting public entities to reject foreign goods not covered by any EU international commitments from its tender procedures. In these cases, a tender submitted for the award of a supply contract may be rejected where the proportion of the products originating in third countries exceeds 50% of the total value of the products constituting the tender (Art. 85.2). Additionally, in cases of equivalent offers, the provisions provide for a preference for European tenders and tenders covered by EU's international obligations. In practice, this possibility has rarely been used.
In the Czech Republic, the Directive has been transposed with Act No. 134/2016 on Public Procurement.

Transparency issues are reported to pose significant challenges in public procurement procedures in the Czech Republic, particularly for foreign bidders. Concerns relate to overly narrow tender specifications and implicit biases that appear to favour domestic vendors and state-owned enterprises. Although the government has repeatedly affirmed its commitment to transparency, allegations of corruption persist, underscoring continuing concerns regarding the integrity of procurement processes.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 100, below the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).