Singapore does not mandate functional separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market. However, accounting separation is required in certain cases (dominant licensees and their related companies).

It is reported that there is no obligation for passive infrastructure sharing in Singapore to deliver telecom services to end users. However, it is practiced in the mobile sector and in the fixed sector based on commercial agreements.

In Singapore, there is no express legislation for the protection of trade secrets per se. Instead, protection of trade secrets in Singapore is typically through the common law doctrine of breach of confidence, as well as (where applicable) the use of IP and contract law.
For information to be protectable as confidential information or a trade secret, it must not already be available to the public at large and it must be clearly and specifically identified (Nanofilm Technologies International Pte Ltd v Semivac International Pte Ltd and others [2018] SGHC 167).
Additionally, the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore reports: In considering whether a breach of confidence is made out, the following will be considered: 1) whether the information has the quality of confidentiality; 2) whether the information was imparted in circumstances importing an obligation of confidentiality. An obligation of confidentiality can be found even where confidential information has been accessed or acquired without the company’s knowledge or consent; 3) whether the person who came into the information is able to demonstrate that his conscience was unaffected. For instance that he was not aware that the information was confidential or he came across the information by accident.

Singapore has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.

Singapore has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

Singapore is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

The Copyright Act provides a clear regime of copyright exceptions that follows the fair use model, which enables the lawful use of copyrighted work by others without obtaining permission. Chapter 63 lists the exceptions including the use of research and study, for purpose of criticism or review, for purpose of reporting current events in relation to works and other subject-matters.

Pursuant to the Singapore Companies Act 1967 (section 145(1)), companies incorporated in Singapore must have at least one director who is ordinarily resident in Singapore. Foreign companies seeking a listing on the Singapore Exchange Limited must have at least two directors resident in Singapore.

Pursuant to the Singapore Companies Act 1967 (section 145), a director must be a natural person (i.e. a company or business entity cannot be a director) ordinarily resident in Singapore— ideally Singaporean citizen, but can be a Singapore Permanent Resident or a person with an Employment Pass/Dependent’s Pass. A company is required to have at least one director who is ordinarily resident in Singapore. It must also have a company secretary, who cannot be a sole director and must be resident in Singapore.

Although Singapore is a signatory to the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), its coverage schedules do not include "telecommunications related services" (CPC 754) and do not fully cover "computer related services" (CPC 84) and "telecommunications services" (CPC 752), which are important service sectors for digital trade.

Singapore is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996 and its 2015 expansion (ITA II).

Saudi Arabia has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

Saudi Arabia has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Saudi Arabia has no unified consumer protection law in place. The principle of consumer protection relies on the interpretation of Shariah Law. Shariah law has given considerable concern to legitimate earning, mutual consent, truthfulness, fulfilling business obligations, and transparency.