Nicaragua has a copyright regime governed by Law No. 312. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, which limits the lawful use of copyrighted works by others. Arts. 31-43 outline the exceptions, including the reproduction of copyrighted works by means of reprography for teaching purposes, the reproduction of isolated articles published in the press or short extracts from a work, the reproduction of works for private use by the blind, and the use of a work for parody purposes, among others.

Copyright is not adequately enforced online in Nicaragua. It is reported that there are concerns about optical discs, broadcast media piracy, the use of unlicensed software, and inadequate IP enforcement in the country.

Nicaragua has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

In Namibia, type approval procedures for telecommunications equipment are regulated by the Communications Regulatory Authority of Namibia (CRAN). The conformity requirements reportedly align closely with those of the European Union. The homologation process does not mandate local laboratory testing or engagement with local representatives, as Namibia currently lacks ISO 17000-certified laboratories for conducting these tests. Instead, the regulations permit acceptance of test results from accredited laboratories abroad, provided the necessary supporting documentation is submitted to CRAN.
Under Section 8 of the Regulations in respect of Type Approval and Technical Standards for Telecommunications Equipment, CRAN may accept a declaration of conformity from an applicant if it is accompanied by a certified copy of test reports and data issued by an accredited test laboratory, confirming that the telecommunications equipment for which type approval is sought meets the applicable technical standards.

The Electronic Transactions Act, Chapter 5, requires accreditation of security services and products including those which are meant to encrypt or decrypt data. This accreditation may involve the technical analysis of the services. The specific requirements for such technical analysis are not listed.

Namibia does not implement any de minimis threshold, which is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties.

Namibia lacks a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that applies to online transactions.

Namibia has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Namibia has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Namibia has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

Namibia has not appended the World Trade Organization (WTO) Telecom Reference Paper to its schedule of commitments.

It is reported that the Communications Regulatory Authority of Namibia (CRAN), the executive authority for the supervision and administration of services in the telecommunications sector, is independent from the government in the decision-making process.

Namibia has not joined any free trade agreement committing to open transfers of cross-border data flows.

Namibia does not have a data protection framework, leaving an important void in the country with regard to data governance and digital trade governance. A Data Protection Bill is currently in the consultation phase. This is set to support the Electronic Transactions Act, which does not cover many aspects of data in a digital economy.

Section 119 of the Communications Act stipulates that the Regulator "may prescribe a mandatory period for the retention of records which may not exceed eight years".