It is reported that Türkiye imposes an identity requirement for SIM registration. Anyone wanting to purchase a SIM card has to provide their national ID card or a passport in case of foreigners to activate a new prepaid SIM card. In addition, SIM cards cannot be activated without biometric identification

Certain regulations mandate that financial institutions retain both their primary and secondary systems within the borders of Türkiye, prohibiting the systematic transfer of such data abroad for banks, financial leasing and factoring companies, publicly traded companies, pension investment funds, and other entities regulated by the Capital Markets Board. These regulations include the Regulation on Internal Systems and Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process of Banks, whose Art. 11(4) stipulates that Turkish banks must host their primary data systems—comprising the infrastructure, hardware, software, and data necessary for recording and utilising all information required to conduct banking activities and meet legislative obligations—within Türkiye. Likewise, their secondary data systems, which serve as backups, must also be stored domestically. Additionally, Art. 23 of Law No. 6493 requires system operators to maintain information systems and their backups domestically. A system operator is defined as a legal entity responsible for the day-to-day functioning of payment or securities settlement systems, holding the requisite licence for such operations. This provision further compels online payment services, such as PayPal, to retain all data in Türkiye for a minimum of ten years. The law specifies: “The system operator, payment institution, and electronic money institution shall be required to keep all documents and records related to matters within the scope of this Law for at least ten years within the country, in a secure and accessible manner.”
Additionally, under Art. 73 of the Banking Law, the Banking Regulation and Supervision Authority (BRSA) is empowered to prohibit the sharing or transfer of customer data or bank secrets with third parties outside Turkey. The BRSA may also mandate that banks maintain their information systems and backups within Turkey, based on assessments related to economic security.

According to Art. 9 of the Personal Data Protection Law, data cannot be processed or transferred abroad without the individual's explicit consent. Consent will not be required if the transfer is necessary to exercise a right or is required by law, and either:
- sufficient protection exists in the transferee country or
- if the data controller gives a written security undertaking and Türkiye’s Data Protection Board grants permission.
It is reported that these conditions are very restrictive, so in some cases, data controllers have made their own assessment of whether personal data will be adequately protected based on the criteria used by the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority to assess adequacy.

Art. 51 of the Electronic Communications Law stipulates that the transfer of traffic and location data abroad is permitted with the data subject's explicit consent.

Türkiye has not joined any agreement with binding commitments to open transfers of data across borders.

Law No. 6698 provides a comprehensive regime of data protection in Türkiye. It outlines a framework similar to that of the European Data Protection Directive (Directive 95/46/EC). Secondary legislation in Türkiye, in the form of regulations and communications, has been evolving in line with the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) (GDPR). Law No. 6698 establishes the Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) and the Board as the supervisory authorities responsible for its enforcement. The KVKK mainly serves an administrative role, while the Board is the decision-making organ within the KVKK. The KVKK was established as an independent regulatory authority with institutional and financial autonomy and is responsible for ensuring personal data protection and raising awareness in this respect.

Art. 23 of Law No. 6493 requires that "the system operator, payment institution and electronic money institution shall be required to keep all the documents and records related to the matters within the scope of this Law for at least ten years within the country, in a secure and accessible manner". The article also specifies that "The information systems and their substitutes, which are used by the system operator to carry out its activities shall also be kept within the country".

According to Art. 51.10 of the Electronic Communications Law No. 5809:
- Personal data subject to inspection, examination, investigation or dispute shall be retained until the related period has been completed;
- Logs regarding the access of personal data and related other systems are retained for two years;
- Logs that prove the consent of subscribers/users for processing personal data are retained throughout the subscription period;
- Categories of data to be retained and data retention periods, not less than one year and not more than two years from the date of the communication, are determined by secondary law.

According to Art. 11 of the Regulation on the Registry of Data Controllers, a contact person must be appointed if the data controller is a legal entity located in Türkiye and is not exempt from registration with the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority. Additionally, if the data controller is not located in Türkiye, it must appoint a representative who must be either a Turkish legal entity or a Turkish citizen.
The data controller’s contact person or representative is responsible for managing communications with the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority and data subjects. Data controllers remain liable for compliance with the Protection of Personal Data Law regardless of the appointment of a contact person or a representative.

Pursuant to Art. 5 of Law No. 5651, all data stored by hosting providers, which are defined as real persons or legal entities who provide and operate the systems which host services and content, must be made available to the Information and Communication Technologies Authority upon request, without the need for a court order. Failure to comply can result in fines ranging from TRY 10,000 (approx. USD 1,300) to TRY 100,000 (approx. USD 12,800).

Türkiye does not mandate functional separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market. However, accounting separation is required. SMP operators having accounting separation obligations in relevant markets prepare accounting separation reports annually.

Türkiye has only partially appended the World Trade Organization (WTO) Telecom Reference Paper to its schedule of commitments.

According to Electronic Communication Law No. 5809, the executive authority for the supervision and administration of services in the telecommunications sector in Türkiye is the Information and Communication Technologies Authority. It is reported that the Information and Communication Technologies Authority is independent from the government in the decision-making process.

Pursuant to Additional Art. 4.6 of Law No. 5651, social network providers, whether based in Türkiye or abroad, that receive more than one million daily visitors from Türkiye are obligated to take the necessary measures to retain the data of their Turkish users within Türkiye. According to Art. 13 of the Procedures and Principles concerning Social Network Providers, priority must be given to basic user information and any other data specified by the Information and Communication Technologies Authority.

Circular No. 2019/12 provides that data of public institutions and organisations should not be stored in cloud storage services except for the institutions’ own private systems or local service providers controlled by the institutions.