The Bahamas has not signed the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.

The Bahamas is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II). In fact, the country is not a member of the WTO.

Australia has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Australia has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Australia has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

To ensure compliance with the technical regulatory arrangements, suppliers must make and hold a Declaration of Conformity. The document should be signed by the Australian supplier or overseas manufacturer to certify that the product meets applicable standards. It must be signed by a person who holds a senior position in the company or organisation. The signatory should have sighted the evidence that supports the declaration and be satisfied with the grounds for compliance. It should be made available by the supplier for audit purposes on request, in writing, from either the Australian Communications Authority (ACA) or the Radio Spectrum Management Group (RSM) of the New Zealand Ministry of Economic Development Electrical products become subject to testing requirements when exported.
The Telecommunications Act of 1997 regulates telecommunications equipment. The Radiocommunications Act 1992 regulates radiocommunications equipment, electrical or electronic household products, and radio transmitters. The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMC) allows a self-declaration of conformity (SDoC) as long as the declaration contains all of the information in Australia's Declaration of Conformity (Form C02) and acknowledges that the product complies with the ACMC standards. Whoever signs the SDoC must see the evidence that the product complies with the rules and agree that the records show that the product complies with the rules. A supplier may be required to submit a separate test report from a designated testing body as well.

According to Australia's de minimis rule, goods with a value of up to AUD 1.000 (approx. 650 USD) are exempt from taxes and duties collected by customs. This is above the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). Under the New Tax System Act 1999, as amended in 2018, Goods and Services Tax (GST) applies to retail sales of low-value goods, services, or digital products (AUD 1,000 or less, equivalent to 650 USD) to Australia when purchased by consumers. For low-value goods, GST is collected through the sale, not at the border, thereby replacing the de minimis rule. Before July 1, 2018, consumers in Australia could purchase products from international sellers and have them imported duty and tax-free as long as the product value was less than AUD 1,000. The change was intended to increase the competitiveness of domestic retailers, as opposed to foreign retailers.

According to the Guidelines on the Interpretation of Policy Rules for Open 2LDs, in Australia, it is not possible to register directly under a ".au" domain, and therefore it is required to have a registration under the open second level domains such as ".com.au" or ".org.au." A company that wants to register for the second-level domain needs to be a registered Australian company or a foreign company licensed to trade in Australia. For certain second-level domains such as "id.au", the registrants must be Australian citizens or residents. The domain name policies were approved in 2012.

The Competition and Consumer Act 2010 provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions. The Act provides a set of guarantees for all Australian consumers when they purchase certain goods or services from physical and online Australian retailers. In addition, electronic signatures are regulated and permitted under the Electronic Transactions Act 1999 (Section 10).

Australia has joined several agreements with binding commitments to open transfers of data across borders. These include: the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA, Chapter 14, Art. 13), the Australia-Peru Free Trade Agreement (Art. 13.11), the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP, Art. 14.11), the Indonesia - Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (Art. 13.11), the Australia-Hong Kong Free Trade Agreement and associated Investment Agreement [Article 11.7(2) and 11.15(1)], and the Australia-United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement [14.10(2)].

The Privacy Act 1988 provides a comprehensive regime of data protection in Australia. The Privacy Act, which includes a set of Australian Privacy Principles, provides general personal data protection requirements and provisions, including the right to access and to be informed. Initially, the Act stipulated guidelines for how Australian government agencies should manage personal information. Subsequently, in 2000, the Privacy Amendment (Private Sector) Act extended these provisions to certain private sector organisations.
Sector-specific privacy regulations, particularly concerning telecommunications, are addressed by the Telecommunications Act 1997 and the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979. Additional protections for healthcare information are provided under the My Health Records Act 2012 and the Healthcare Identifiers Act 2010. Businesses operating in industries such as financial services and gambling are required to adhere to the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006 and its accompanying rules. Furthermore, the Security of Critical Infrastructure Act 2018 applies to entities that own, operate, or hold direct interests in assets across various sectors, including communications, energy, defence, financial services, transport, data processing or storage, supermarket and grocery supply chains, health and medical services, education, and space.

The Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979 requires a telecommunication service provider to keep specific telecommunications data relating to the services it offers for two years (187C). The dataset to be kept includes the subscriber and the accounts of telecommunications devices, the source of communication, the destination of a communication, the date, time and duration of a communication, the type of communication, and the location of equipment or a line used (187AA). This retention scheme was inserted into the Act by the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015.

The Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979 grants criminal law enforcement agencies the authority to intercept real-time communications of users without the need for a warrant. The Act addresses various types of interception warrants, including an interception warrant (Section 10), a telecommunications service warrant (Section 11A), a foreign communications warrant (Section 11C), and a stored communications warrant (Section 110). However, in cases of emergency (Section 30) or for the purpose of developing and testing interception capabilities (Section 31A), law enforcement officers or agencies may intercept live communications without obtaining a warrant.

Sections 317L-317RA of the Telecommunications Act 1997 (as amended by the Telecommunications and Other Legislation Amendment (Assistance and Access) Act 2018) provide for a type of notice, called a technical assistance notice, that a security or law enforcement agency can issue to communications providers that require them to take specified steps which would help the agency in relation to its functions relating to national security or enforcing the criminal law. All designated communications providers, broadly defined so as to include not only telecommunications carriers and service providers but any entity that supplies an electronic service (including websites and secure messaging apps), are required to receive a technical assistance notice to provide technical assistance to law enforcement. In other words, certain Australian law enforcement agencies can require a cloud service provider, for example, to decrypt encrypted communications for the purposes of law enforcement. The Telecommunications Act enables law enforcement agencies to require this assistance without a warrant.