SINGAPORE
Since April 2003
Pillar Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures
Telecommunications (Dealers) Regulations
The Telecommunication (Dealers) Regulations apply to the import of telecom equipment for sale in Singapore. The scope of product coverage is defined under HS Code 8517, which includes telephone sets (including smartphones and other telephones for cellular or wireless networks), apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images, or data (both wired and wireless), and related components, excluding apparatus covered under headings 8443, 8525, 8527, or 8528. The import of telecom equipment for sale necessitates a Telecommunication Dealer's Licence issued by the Info-communications Media Development Authority (IMDA) and an import permit from Singapore Customs. Applications for these licences must be submitted prior to the import of such equipment. Both the Telecommunication Dealer's Licence and the import permit can generally be obtained immediately via online platforms, namely the TradeNet and GoBusiness Licensing portals. However, exceptions apply to specific categories, including Machine-to-Machine equipment, SMS SIM Boxes, and prohibited telecommunication equipment. Holders of a Telecommunication Dealer's Class Licence are permitted to trade only in registered telecommunications equipment or those specified in the First Schedule of the Telecommunications (Dealers) Regulations. The importation of prohibited telecommunications equipment, as listed in the Third Schedule of the Telecommunications (Dealers) Regulations (e.g., radio-frequency jammers, military-grade equipment), is strictly prohibited unless prior approval is granted by IMDA.
In general, all individuals, registered firms, and institutions are eligible to apply for import licences. Applicants must be registered entities, including companies incorporated under the Singapore Companies Act, Limited Liability Partnerships registered under the Singapore Limited Liability Partnerships Act, or businesses registered with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) of Singapore.
In general, all individuals, registered firms, and institutions are eligible to apply for import licences. Applicants must be registered entities, including companies incorporated under the Singapore Companies Act, Limited Liability Partnerships registered under the Singapore Limited Liability Partnerships Act, or businesses registered with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) of Singapore.
Coverage Telecom equipment
SINGAPORE
Reported in 2021, last reported in 2023
Pillar Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services |
Indicator Self-certification for product safety
Supplier Declaration of Conformity allowed for foreign businesses
Singapore's Infocomm Development Authority accepts equipment registration for many types of telecommunications and radio equipment, though registration is voluntary for some categories of equipment. The company filing the registration must be a local company with a valid IMDA dealer's license. Registrations are typically based on foreign standard test reports to declare conformity to IMDA's technical standards. IMDA also accepts equipment certification by local or foreign certification bodies recognised by IMDA under a phase II mutual recognition arrangement.
The Singapore Accreditation Council (SAC) works closely with other international bodies on Mutual Recognition Arrangements (MRAs) to allow signatories to mutually recognise reports and certificates issued by an accredited Conformity Assessment Body (CAB) as equivalent to their own standards.
The Singapore Accreditation Council (SAC) works closely with other international bodies on Mutual Recognition Arrangements (MRAs) to allow signatories to mutually recognise reports and certificates issued by an accredited Conformity Assessment Body (CAB) as equivalent to their own standards.
Coverage Electronic and telecom products
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20221001111109/https://www.imda.gov.sg/regulations-and-licensing-listing/dealer-and-equipment-registration-framework/equipment-registration-framework
- https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/G/IT/W17R28.pdf&Open=True
- https://www.imda.gov.sg/regulations-and-licensing-listing/equipment-registration
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250107180525/https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/downFiles/138/385514/00PvkUeXzF211111wH61lFWDoPXsdqH4iCBiTTUO6nqsRFYBzux00000ER5QSJCk00000cmTuOJ3sFRnsaeVev0fTwM4yB000007nW2Q==
- Show more...
SINGAPORE
Since October 2012, entry into force in July 2014
Pillar Domestic data policies |
Indicator Framework for data protection
Personal Data Protection Act 2012
The Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA) provides a baseline standard of protection for personal data in Singapore. It complements sector-specific legislative and regulatory frameworks such as the Banking Act and Insurance Act. It comprises various requirements governing the collection, use, disclosure and care of personal data in Singapore. The Act came into force in different phases, and the provisions concerning data protection were enforced in July 2014.
Coverage Horizontal
SINGAPORE
Since October 2012, entry into force in July 2014
Pillar Domestic data policies |
Indicator Minimum period for data retention
Personal Data Protection Act 2012
Telecom licences granted to operators usually contain data retention requirements, which are, on average, 12 months. The Infocomm Media Development Authority, IMDA, reserves the right to require its licensees to retain records as they may deem necessary.
Coverage Telecommunication sector
SINGAPORE
Reported in 2018, last reported in 2023
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Enforcement of copyright online
Lack of adequate enforcement of copyright online
Copyright is not adequately enforced online in Singapore. It is reported that companies present concerns regarding enforcement efforts against the use of unauthorised streaming services and third-party illicit streaming devices to access pirated content.
Coverage Horizontal
SINGAPORE
Since January 2005, entry into force in April 2005
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Adoption of the WIPO Copyright Treaty
WIPO Copyright Treaty
Singapore has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.
Coverage Horizontal
SINGAPORE
Since January 2005, entry into force in April 2005
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Adoption of the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
Singapore has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.
Coverage Horizontal
SINGAPORE
N/A
Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) |
Indicator Effective protection covering trade secrets
The Common Law doctrine of breach of confidence
In Singapore, there is no specific legislation dedicated to the protection of trade secrets. Instead, trade secrets are typically safeguarded through the common law doctrine of breach of confidence, alongside intellectual property and contract law, where applicable. For information to qualify as a trade secret or confidential information, it must not be publicly accessible and must be clearly and specifically identified, as demonstrated in Nanofilm Technologies International Pte Ltd v Semivac International Pte Ltd and others [2018] SGHC 167.
Additionally, the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore outlines three key considerations for determining whether a breach of confidence has occurred: (1) whether the information has the quality of confidentiality; (2) whether it was communicated under circumstances that impose an obligation of confidentiality—this obligation can exist even if the information was accessed or acquired without the company’s consent; and (3) whether the person who obtained the information can prove that they were unaware of its confidential nature or acquired it unintentionally.
Additionally, the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore outlines three key considerations for determining whether a breach of confidence has occurred: (1) whether the information has the quality of confidentiality; (2) whether it was communicated under circumstances that impose an obligation of confidentiality—this obligation can exist even if the information was accessed or acquired without the company’s consent; and (3) whether the person who obtained the information can prove that they were unaware of its confidential nature or acquired it unintentionally.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230205212300/https://www.twobirds.com/en/insights/2020/singapore/recent-developments-in-relation-to-the-protection-of-trade-secrets-in-singapore
- https://cms.law/en/int/expert-guides/cms-expert-guide-to-trade-secrets/singapore
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231205015419/https://www.ipos.gov.sg/about-ip/trade-secrets
- Show more...
SINGAPORE
N/A
Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition |
Indicator Passive infrastructure sharing obligation
Lack of obligation to share passive infrastructure
It is reported that there is no obligation for passive infrastructure sharing in Singapore to deliver telecom services to end users. However, it is practised in both the mobile and fixed sectors based on commercial agreements.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
SINGAPORE
Since October 1993
Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition |
Indicator Presence of shares owned by the government in telecom companies
Presence of shares owned by the government in the telecom sector
Singapore Telecommunications (SingTel), the incumbent telecommunication operator, is currently 52% government-owned.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
SINGAPORE
N/A
Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition |
Indicator Functional/accounting separation for operators with significant market power
Lack of mandatory functional separation for dominant network operators
Singapore does not mandate functional separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market. However, accounting separation is required in some instances (dominant licensees and their related companies).
Coverage Telecommunications sector
SINGAPORE
Since June 2022
Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition |
Indicator Licensing restrictions to operate in the telecom market
Guidelines for Submission of Application for Services-based Operations Licence
The "Guidelines for Submission of Application for Services-Based Operations Licence" outline the procedures for obtaining the Services-Based Operations (SBO) Licence, which authorises an operator to provide services-based telecommunications services in Singapore. Generally, operators that lease international transmission capacity to deliver their services are required to obtain an SBO (Individual) Licence. According to Section 2.4 of the Guidelines, applicants seeking an SBO (Individual) Licence for prepaid services must ensure that their company possesses a minimum paid-up capital of SGD 100,000 (approx. USD 74,000).
Coverage Telecommunications sector
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250129223931/https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/regulations-and-licensing/licensing/telecommunication/services-based-operations/sboguidelines.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250129223959/https://www.mondaq.com/media-telecoms-it-entertainment/1330912/tmt-comparative-guide
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250129224039/https://www.imda.gov.sg/regulations-and-licensing-listing/services-based-operations--sbo--licence
- https://web.archive.org/web/20250129224241/https://datahub.itu.int/data/?i=100051&s=19296&e=SGP
- Show more...
SINGAPORE
Since April 1994
Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition |
Indicator Signature of the WTO Telecom Reference Paper
WTO Telecom Reference Paper
Singapore has appended the World Trade Organization (WTO) Telecom Reference Paper to its schedule of commitments.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220119045544/https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serv_e/telecom_e/sc76.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220307092617/https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serv_e/telecom_e/telecom_commit_exempt_list_e.htm
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220119043046/https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serv_e/telecom_e/telecom_highlights_commit_exempt_e.htm#country
- Show more...
SINGAPORE
Since October 2016
Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition |
Indicator Presence of an independent telecom authority
Info-communications Media Development Authority Act 2016
According to the Info-communications Media Development Authority Act, the Info‑communications Media Development Authority, the executive authority for the supervision and administration of services in the telecommunications sector, is independent from the government in the decision-making process.
Coverage Telecommunications sector
SINGAPORE
Since October 2012, entry into force in July 2014
Since January 2021, entry into force in February 2021
Since January 2021, entry into force in February 2021
Pillar Cross-border data policies |
Indicator Conditional flow regime
Personal Data Protection Act 2012
Personal Data Protection Regulations 2021
Personal Data Protection Regulations 2021
According to Section 26.1 of the Personal Data Protection Act, organisations are prohibited from transferring personal data to a country or territory outside Singapore unless they comply with the requirements prescribed by the Act. Organisations must implement appropriate measures to verify and ensure that the recipient of the personal data, located in a foreign country or territory, is bound by legally enforceable obligations that provide a standard of protection comparable to that of the Personal Data Protection Act. Section 26.2 of the Act allows organisations to apply to the Personal Data Protection Commission for an exemption from any of the restrictions outlined in Section 26.1.
Furthermore, Part 3 of the Personal Data Protection Regulations specifies that if a recipient of personal data holds a specified certification granted or recognised under the law of the country or territory to which the personal data is transferred, they are considered to be bound by legally enforceable obligations to ensure a standard of protection for the transferred personal data that is at least equivalent to the protection provided by the Personal Data Protection Act. The specified certifications include those recognised under the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Privacy Recognition for Processors System, applicable when the recipient is a data intermediary, or the APEC Cross-Border Privacy Rules in other cases. Additionally, data transfers are permitted under the following conditions:
- The individual has given consent to the transfer of their data, having been provided a reasonable summary, in writing, of the extent to which their data will be protected by standards comparable to the Personal Data Protection Act;
- The transfer is necessary for the performance of a contract between the organisation and the individual or for the purpose of entering into such a contract;
- The transfer is necessary for the conclusion or performance of a contract between the organisation and a third party, which is entered into at the individual's request;
- The transfer is necessary for use or disclosure in certain situations where the consent of the individual is not required under the Personal Data Protection Act, such as use or disclosure necessary to respond to an emergency;
- The data are in transit;
- The data are publicly available in Singapore.
Furthermore, Part 3 of the Personal Data Protection Regulations specifies that if a recipient of personal data holds a specified certification granted or recognised under the law of the country or territory to which the personal data is transferred, they are considered to be bound by legally enforceable obligations to ensure a standard of protection for the transferred personal data that is at least equivalent to the protection provided by the Personal Data Protection Act. The specified certifications include those recognised under the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Privacy Recognition for Processors System, applicable when the recipient is a data intermediary, or the APEC Cross-Border Privacy Rules in other cases. Additionally, data transfers are permitted under the following conditions:
- The individual has given consent to the transfer of their data, having been provided a reasonable summary, in writing, of the extent to which their data will be protected by standards comparable to the Personal Data Protection Act;
- The transfer is necessary for the performance of a contract between the organisation and the individual or for the purpose of entering into such a contract;
- The transfer is necessary for the conclusion or performance of a contract between the organisation and a third party, which is entered into at the individual's request;
- The transfer is necessary for use or disclosure in certain situations where the consent of the individual is not required under the Personal Data Protection Act, such as use or disclosure necessary to respond to an emergency;
- The data are in transit;
- The data are publicly available in Singapore.
Coverage Horizontal
Sources
- https://web.archive.org/web/20230726181322/https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PDPA2012?ProvIds=P16-#pr26-
- https://web.archive.org/web/20241120052035/https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/PDPA2012-S63-2021?DocDate=20210129&ProvIds=P13-#P13-
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231208032908/https://www.dataguidance.com/comparisons/data-transfers
- Show more...
