According to Art. 25 of the Supreme Decree No. 27328, the Qualification Committee may apply a margin of national preference for national and international public calls for proposals. For proposals of nationally manufactured goods, whose percentage of national components (inputs and labor) are between 30% and 50% of the gross production cost, benefit from a margin of preference of 15%, while for proposals whose percentage of components is greater than or equal to 51% of national origin (inputs and labor) of the gross cost of production, the applicable margin of preference goes up to 20%.

According to Art. 19 of the Supreme Decree No. 27328, the participation of foreign bidders in public bids may be limited according to national security policies, strategies and criteria, in accordance with applicable legal provisions.

According to Art. 19 of the Supreme Decree No. 27328, public calls for national purchases of up to Bs. 8,000,000 (approx. 1,166,000 USD), shall be directed exclusively to national production companies legally established in Bolivia. Foreign companies are excluded from these processes unless there is no national providers available to be contracted. In the event that the public bidding process is declared void, in accordance with the grounds set forth in Art. 28 of the Supreme Decree, another public bidding process shall be carried out to allow the participation of foreign bidders.

Bolivia is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

Türkiye has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

In July 2020, the Law on Regulating Broadcasting on the Internet and Fighting against Crimes Committed through Internet Broadcasting was amended. The amendment requires that providers of social network services in Türkiye with daily access of more than one million users should appoint at least one authorized person as a representative in Türkiye to ensure access to competent authorities. The social network provider should notify the Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK) of this person's identity and contact information. In addition, if the representative has to be a Turkish citizen.

The Law on Consumer Protection provides a comprehensive consumer protection framework that also applies to online transactions. The general consumer protection law was updated in 2013 in order to be harmonized with the EU framework covering all consumer transactions.

Türkiye has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Türkiye has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Türkiye does not implement any de minimis threshold, which is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties.

According to Code No. 6493 on Payment and Security Settlement Systems, Payment Services and Electronic Money Institutions, e-money and e-payment services providers must be licensed by the Central Bank of Türkiye in order to operate in Türkiye. Furthermore, e-money institutions and payment service providers are required to establish their Turkish entities and localize their Turkish businesses by June 2015. However, the conditions and procedures for foreign payment service providers who wish to provide payment services in Türkiye are currently under review.

Companies exporting to the Turkish market must submit evidence of conformity with the European standards (CE Mark) either by providing a notarized conformity certificate from a notified body or a manufacturer’s issued certificate of conformity, which declares compliance with all relevant directives. For products falling outside of the scope of the EU directives and where the Government of Türkiye has established a directive or standard, the current standard or directive would apply. At this point, certification of compliance with TSE standards would be required.

According to the Communique on Import Surveillance No. 2020/6, in May 2020, the Turkish Ministry of Trade issued a licensing requirement on the imports of mobile phones.

According to the Communiqué on Implementation of Tariff Quota in Imports of Printed Circuit Boards with Led Diodes Used in the Production of Backlight Units, in October 2014, the government of Türkiye announced an altered import quota on printed circuit boards with led diodes used in the production of backlight units.