It is reported that, in general, obtaining a patent for an invention could take up to two years. This is despite the website of the National Center for Patents and Information (NCPI) states that, if no conflicts are found, the patent should be registered within 30 days from the time the application is received. 

Tajikistan is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). However, the country does not consider itself bound by Art. 59 related to disputes. It should be noted that this treaty was signed in 1970, at a time when Tajikistan was part of the Soviet Union. Therefore, in 1994, when Tajikistan became independent, it issued the declaration of continued application, and the date of entry into force was given as the date of independence, which was December 1991.

Tajikistan has a copyright regime under Law No. 726. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model and, therefore, limit the lawful use of copyrighted works by others. Art. 21 lists the exceptions, which include reproduction and broadcasting by radio or cable for general information, architectural works, photographs and graphic works that are permanently located in a public place, except in cases where the work is the main subject or where the image is used for commercial purposes.

Copyright is not adequately enforced online in Tajikistan. Reports highlight the absence of effective and transparent procedures to ensure legitimate government use of software. Furthermore, Tajikistan has allocated limited resources to enforcing intellectual property rights (IPR) laws, resulting in the continued circulation of pirated media. It is also reported that over 90% of software and other media products sold in the country are unlicensed copies.

Tajikistan has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

Tajikistan has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 290, above the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

According to Chapter 332 of the Trade Marks Act, for a top-level ".sg" domain, a foreign to register a domain name must appoint a local agent having a valid Singapore postal address as the Administrative Contact. In addition, for a "com.sg" domain, the company must be registered in Singapore or appoint a locally registered entity as its administrative contact.

The Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions.

Singapore has signed and ratified the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Singapore has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Singapore has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

Pursuant to Section 39 of the Criminal Procedure Code, police officers investigating arrestable offences may at any time access and search the data of any computer they suspect has been used in connection with the offence. No warrant or special authorisation is needed. It is reported that the police have seized electronic devices in relation to several investigations in recent years. Penalties for noncompliance can include a fine of up to S$5,000 (approx. USD 3,700), six months in jail, or both.

The Electronic Transactions Act establishes a safe harbour regime for intermediaries for copyright infringements. According to Section 26 of the Act (introduced by the amendment of the Act within the Act 26 of 2012), any network service provider shall not be subject to any civil or criminal liability in respect of “third-party material” in the form of electronic records to which it “merely” “provides access. This exemption of liability is also extended to cover liabilities in respect of data protection obligations with respect to third-party material under the Personal Data Protection Act 2012.