Art. 68.f of Decree‑Law No. 370/2018 stipulates that hosting a website on servers located in a foreign country, except where such hosting functions solely as a mirror or replica of the primary website situated on servers within national territory, constitutes a violation related to ICT. Similarly, Art. 82 of Decree No. 360/2019 provides that when, due to connectivity requirements or other considerations, an entity must host a website on servers outside the country, this may only be undertaken as a mirror or replica of the principal website hosted on servers in Cuba. It further requires the adoption of all necessary measures to guarantee the security of the website, particularly during the process of updating information. In addition, Art. 83 establishes that an entity’s network servers intended to facilitate external access and those intended for internal use must be installed in distinct areas of the network in order to prevent any connection between them.

Art. 19 of the Foreign Investment Law stipulates that, for the establishment of an international economic association, the national investor must negotiate with the foreign investor every aspect of the investment, including its economic feasibility, the respective contributions of the parties, the proposed governance and administrative structure, and the legal instruments required for its formalisation. In the case of a wholly foreign‑owned enterprise, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Foreign Investment designates the Cuban entity responsible for the relevant sector, subsector, or economic activity with which the investor must examine the proposal and from which written approval must be obtained. Art. 20 provides that the Cuban State authorises only those foreign investments that do not compromise national defence and security, the nation’s patrimony, or the environment. Art. 21 further establishes that approval to undertake foreign investments within national territory is granted, depending on the sector, modality, and characteristics of the proposed investment, by one of the following organs of the State: the Council of State, the Council of Ministers, or the head of the competent body of the Central State Administration authorised for this purpose.

According to Art. 15.4 of Decree-Law No. 290/2012, an agent residing in Cuba must mediate in the event that the patent applicant does not have a domicile or real and effective industrial establishment or commercial establishment in Cuba.

Cuba is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). However, the country does not consider itself bound by Art. 59 related to disputes.

Cuba has a copyright regime under the Law No. 154 of 2022. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, therefore limiting the lawful use of copyrighted work by others. Art. 86 lists the exceptions, including the use of: creations in accessible formats for persons with disabilities, to the extent required by them; conferences, speeches and other works of the same nature, broadcast in public, when such use is justified by the informative purpose pursued; creations resulting from academic or research activities, such as degree works, science, technology and innovation projects, academic articles; among others.

Cuba is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

It is reported that Cuba generally lacks accessible public procurement data, reflecting minimal institutional transparency and limited oversight in this domain. Grand corruption risks, though less visible, are nonetheless present, particularly in sectors involving high‑value state assets such as procurement.

Cuba is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), nor does it have observer status.

The Cuban telecommunications framework is defined by the prohibition of private provision of internet and mobile services and by the concentration of control in the state-owned operator Empresa de Telecomunicaciones de Cuba S.A. (ETECSA), through which all internet access is channelled and whose subsidiary Cubacel serves as the sole mobile provider. This structure is legally reinforced by Art. 1 of Decree No. 124/2025, which grants ETECSA an administrative concession to provide public telecommunications services nationwide, while Art. 3 defines the scope of those services to include basic telephony, signal-carrying services, data transmission, and terrestrial mobile cellular telecommunications, and Art. 4.1 establishes an exclusivity period extending until 2036. In parallel, the Annex of Decree No. 107, specifically activities 65 and 66, prohibits private micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises, non-agricultural cooperatives, and self-employed workers from providing public internet access or related services.

Although Law 118 on foreign investment does not restrict investments in the online commerce sector, the state company CIMEX, with its company Tuenvio.cu, is the only platform that offers online purchases in Cuba.

Art. 261 of Decree No. 1165 of 2019 stipulates that the de minimis threshold, the minimum value of goods below which customs duties are not levied, is set at USD 200.

Law No. 1,480 provides a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions.

Colombia has signed but not ratified the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.