According to Art. 6 of Federal Law No. 160-FZ (amended in 2017), transactions involving Russian business entities by foreign investors require prior approval under Art. 57 of Federal Law No. 57 on "Procedures for Foreign Investments in Companies Having Strategic Importance for National Security and Defence". This law aims to safeguard national defence and security interests. Following the 2017 amendments, the Government Commission for Control over Foreign Investments, as outlined in Art. 12 of Federal Law No. 57, has the authority to impose additional conditions on foreign investors seeking approval for transactions deemed critical to protect national defence and state security.

Arts. 6 and 7 of Federal Law No. 57-FZ specify that preliminary approval is required for certain transations related to the acquisition of shares in entities deemed of strategic importance. These entities include companies involved in the development and production of encryption tools, maintenance of cryptographic systems, and provision of encryption services.
Additionally, pursuant to Art. 14 of Federal Law No. 57-FZ and the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 795, foreign investors must notify the Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) of any transaction enabling the acquisition of 5% or more of shares or interests in such strategic entities. This notification must be submitted within 45 days of the transaction's closure.

According to Art. 2 of Law on Mass Media, a foreign legal entity that disseminates information and materials (including via the Internet) by audio or audiovisual means while receiving financing from a foreign State, State bodies, international organisations or foreign citizens could be recognised as a foreign mass media performing the functions of a foreign agent. The Russian Ministry of Justice maintains a register of such foreign mass media agents (Art. 6). These foreign mass media agents can disseminate information and materials only through locally incorporated legal entities and only with a special note indicating that such information has been created and disseminated by a foreign agent. If the respective mass media does not comply with legal requirements, its transmissions shall be blocked in Russia.

Art. 5 of Federal Law No. 236-FZ mandates that foreign companies operating within the Russian segment of the internet must establish a subsidiary or branch office within Russia. Reports from Russian state-owned news agencies and members of parliament indicate that the legislation targets a range of sectors, including social networks, video platforms, instant messaging services, e-mail providers, search engines, hosting services, online retailers, and Wikipedia.org.

According to Art. 1247 of the Civil Code, foreign legal entities shall carry out their dealings with the federal executive power body charged with intellectual property matters, meaning Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) through patent attorneys registered with Rospatent, unless otherwise envisaged by an international treaty of the Russian Federation.
Previously, Art. 15 of the Patent Law of Russian Federation No. 3517-1 required individuals with permanent residence outside the Russian Federation or foreign legal entities or their patent attorneys shall deal with the Federal executive authority on intellectual property through patent attorneys, registered with the Federal executive authority on intellectual property. This Article was replaced on 1 January 2008 by Part IV of the Civil Code.

In May 2019, the Russian authorities imposed a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of aluminium alloy strips (HS: 760611) from Azerbaijan and China. These products are used to manufacture components of ICT goods, such as heat sinks, printed circuit boards (PCBs), charging cables, HDMI cables, displays, etc. The duty imposed on imports originating from Azerbaijan is 16.18%, and the duty imposed on imports originating from China is 13.14%.

The Russian government has adopted a decree that will allow local companies and individuals to use inventions, utility models, and industrial designs held by owners from “unfriendly countries” without their consent and without paying any compensation. This includes, among others, all members of the European Union and the United States.
The decree is based on art. 1360 of the Russian Civil Code, which allows the government to use inventions, utility models and industrial designs without the consent of the patent holder when extreme needs of national defence and security or protection of life or public health justify this.

According to Art. 14.3 of the Federal Law No. 44-FZ, the Government can establish a ban on the admission of goods, works and services originating from foreign states and impose restrictions on the admission of these goods, works, and services, including the minimum mandatory share of purchases of Russian goods in order to protect the foundations of the constitutional system, ensure the country's defence and state security, protect the internal market of the Russian Federation, develop the national economy, and support Russian producers.

Russia is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). However, the country does not consider itself bound by Art. 59 related to disputes.

In January 2016, through Government Decree No. 968, Russia implemented a ban on procuring 113 types of foreign-made radio-electronic products and components for state and municipal needs, provided there are at least two bids for similar items manufactured in Russia or a member state of the Eurasian Economic Union. This list was significantly reduced in August 2020, when Government Resolution No. 878 limited the restrictions to 13 types of foreign-made radio-electronic products and components. The most recent amendments to this list were introduced in December 2023 through the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2094, "On Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation."

The country has a copyright regime under Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Federal Law No. 231-FZ "On the enactment of Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation". However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, therefore limiting the lawful use of copyrighted work by others. Art. 1273 allows the reproduction of a lawfully disclosed work when necessary and for purely personal purposes, without paying royalties and getting the consent of the author of the work except for architectural works, databases and computer programs, among others. The rest of the provisions in the above/mentioned articles (Arts. 1274-1280) allow, subject to the terms and conditions laid down therein:
- use of copyrighted works for informational, scientific, educational and cultural purposes;
- use of copyrighted photographic works, works of architecture and works of art which are permanently located at a place freely available to the public;
- use of musical works in the official or religious ceremonies;
- use of copyrighted works for the purposes of law enforcement;
- recording of copyrighted works by broadcasting organisations for short-term usage;
- make changes to software and databases for the purposes of functioning; archive the copy of software and database and decompile the software.

Government Decree No. 1746 of December 2019, "On establishing a prohibition on the admission of certain types of goods originating from foreign countries, and amending certain acts of the government of the Russian Federation", puts in place a two-year prohibition on the procurement of almost all types of memory storage devices from foreign states for governmental and municipal needs, except for data storage systems included in the unified state register of Russian radio-electronic devices.

Copyright is not adequately enforced online in Russia. Stakeholders continue to report significant piracy of video games, software, music, movies, books, journal articles, and television programming. Concerns also include mirror sites of infringing websites and smartphone applications facilitating illicit trade. Moreover, prominent Russian online platforms continue to provide access to thousands of pirated films and television shows. In 2022, stakeholders identified Russia as one of the most challenging countries in the world for video game piracy.

Decree No. 1236 restricts the procurement of foreign software, mandating that only Russian software may be used for state and municipal orders. Exceptions to this rule are permitted only when Russian software is unavailable or fails to meet specific criteria, allowing organisations to procure software from foreign providers in such cases.

Russia has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.