Art. 18.5 of Federal Law No. 152-FZ provides that during personal data collection, including through the Internet, the data operator shall ensure that databases located within the Russian Federation are used to record, systematise, accumulate, store, update, modify and retrieve personal data of Russian citizens. However, the requirements do not apply to companies that do not receive the data directly from either data subjects or such third parties or inadvertently in the course of normal business activity. Moreover, provided that personal data, when initially collected, is placed in a primary database located and maintained in Russia, personal data contained in the database may then be transferred abroad and placed in other secondary databases, provided the requirements for data transfers are complied with. As a result, once personal data is collected, it shall be placed in the database located in Russia (i.e., the primary database). All mentioned operations on the data should be carried out locally. Afterwards, the data can be transferred abroad for further processing (i.e., to the secondary database).
It is reported that since 2015, the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology, and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor) has been active in enforcing the above-mentioned measure. For instance, in November 2016, subject to the claim from Roskomnadzor, the court in Moscow restricted access to the LinkedIn social network due to the breach of the measure. Further cases mostly included administrative fines, which were also issued to major multinational companies, including Meta Platforms, Inc. (formerly Facebook, Inc.), Twitter, Inc. and later WhatsApp LLC, Google LLC, Airbnb, Inc., Apple, Inc., Twitch Interactive, Inc., United Parcel Service, Inc., Pinterest, Inc., Likeme Pte. Ltd., Ookla, LLC., Snap Inc., Match Group, LLC, Hotels.com, L.P., Spotify AB, and Zoom Video Communications, Inc. Some companies also faced repeated higher fines.
The Code of Administrative Offences establishes fines of up to RUB 6 million (approx. USD 64,620) for the first offence and up to RUB 18 million (approx. USD 193,860) for the subsequent offence.

Art. 30.6.4 of Federal Law No. 161-FZ requires that foreign-based credit card companies transmit data for all transactions within Russia through state-owned operators: the National System of Payment Cards. It is reported that this affects the possibility for financial supplies to use their processing facilities located outside of Russia.

Russia has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

It is reported that, effective January 2022, procuring entities in Russia are mandated to allocate no less than 25% of their total annual procurement volume to small businesses and socially oriented non-commercial organisations. These preferential allocations are detailed in procurement notices and documentation, although this information is not accessible online. Despite this lack of transparency, the prioritisation of locally produced technologies, digital goods, and services has been a consistent focus of Russian policy. Since 2015, sector-specific regulations have reinforced this approach. These include the Resolution No. 1442 of 24 December 2015 "On procurement of innovative products, high-tech products certain types of legal entities and amending certain Acts of the Russian Federation" (Постановление Правительства РФ от 25 декабря 2015 г. N 1442 "О закупках инновационной продукции, высокотехнологичной продукции отдельными видами юридических лиц и внесении изменений в отдельные акты Правительства Российской Федерации"), which establishes procedures for determining the annual volume of purchases by State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) of innovative and high-tech products, including minimum purchasing requirements from SMEs. Furthermore, Resolution No. 717 of 2016 identified 135 SOEs subject to these minimum SME purchasing mandates.

Ministry of Economic Development's Decision No. 155 grants preferences of 15% (30% in case of radio-electronic equipment) in relation to the contract price in public procurement auctions and tenders to participants who propose to supply goods originating from Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries. The Decision was later replaced by Decision No. 126 of the Ministry of Finance in June 2018, which contains a similar provision with regard to price preference to EAEU countries.

Government Resolution No. 925, adopted on 16 September 2016, applies broadly to all goods, works, and services, introducing a 15% price preference for domestically produced products. Alternatively, it imposes a 15% price reduction on foreign products during tendering procedures. Additionally, paragraph 8 of Resolution No. 925 stipulates that priority must be determined in compliance with the provisions of GATT 1994 and the EAEU Treaty.

Russia is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). However, the country has been an observer of the WTO GPA since 2013.

Under Art. 2 of Federal Law No. 57, foreign states, international organisations, and entities under their control — including those established in Russia — are prohibited from entering into transactions that would grant them a majority interest in business entities deemed strategically important for national defence and state security. Consequently, foreign state-controlled investors are restricted from acquiring more than 50% of shares or majority voting rights in such companies.
According to Art. 6 of the law business strategically important for national defence and state security include those involved in the development and production of encryption tools, maintenance of cryptographic systems, and provision of encryption services, as well as activities such as detecting covert information-gathering devices.

The Law on Mass Media, initially enacted in 1991 and subsequently amended multiple times, underwent significant revisions in January 2016 concerning foreign ownership regulations. According to Art. 19-1, foreign entities such as foreign states, international organisations, entities under their control, foreign legal entities, Russian legal entities with foreign participation, foreign citizens, stateless persons, and Russian citizens holding dual citizenship are prohibited from acting as founders or participants of mass media organisations, editorial offices of mass media, or entities engaged in broadcasting. Additionally, Art. 19-1 prohibits direct or indirect possession, management, or control by the aforementioned foreign entities or individuals of more than 20% of shares in the authorised capital of entities involved in mass media or broadcasting activities. This has led to large-scale redistribution of property in the media market and the departure from Russia of a number of major international publishers (e.g. Finnish Sanoma, Axel Springer, the German, the American Dow Jones and FT Group). Other foreign shareholders in the Russian media either reduced their stakes in Russian media or re-registered their ownership in the Russian jurisdiction.

According to Art. 6 of Federal Law No. 160-FZ (amended in 2017), transactions involving Russian business entities by foreign investors require prior approval under Art. 57 of Federal Law No. 57 on "Procedures for Foreign Investments in Companies Having Strategic Importance for National Security and Defence". This law aims to safeguard national defence and security interests. Following the 2017 amendments, the Government Commission for Control over Foreign Investments, as outlined in Art. 12 of Federal Law No. 57, has the authority to impose additional conditions on foreign investors seeking approval for transactions deemed critical to protect national defence and state security.

Arts. 6 and 7 of Federal Law No. 57-FZ specify that preliminary approval is required for certain transations related to the acquisition of shares in entities deemed of strategic importance. These entities include companies involved in the development and production of encryption tools, maintenance of cryptographic systems, and provision of encryption services.
Additionally, pursuant to Art. 14 of Federal Law No. 57-FZ and the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 795, foreign investors must notify the Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) of any transaction enabling the acquisition of 5% or more of shares or interests in such strategic entities. This notification must be submitted within 45 days of the transaction's closure.

According to Art. 2 of Law on Mass Media, a foreign legal entity that disseminates information and materials (including via the Internet) by audio or audiovisual means while receiving financing from a foreign State, State bodies, international organisations or foreign citizens could be recognised as a foreign mass media performing the functions of a foreign agent. The Russian Ministry of Justice maintains a register of such foreign mass media agents (Art. 6). These foreign mass media agents can disseminate information and materials only through locally incorporated legal entities and only with a special note indicating that such information has been created and disseminated by a foreign agent. If the respective mass media does not comply with legal requirements, its transmissions shall be blocked in Russia.

Art. 5 of Federal Law No. 236-FZ mandates that foreign companies operating within the Russian segment of the internet must establish a subsidiary or branch office within Russia. Reports from Russian state-owned news agencies and members of parliament indicate that the legislation targets a range of sectors, including social networks, video platforms, instant messaging services, e-mail providers, search engines, hosting services, online retailers, and Wikipedia.org.

According to Art. 1247 of the Civil Code, foreign legal entities shall carry out their dealings with the federal executive power body charged with intellectual property matters, meaning Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) through patent attorneys registered with Rospatent, unless otherwise envisaged by an international treaty of the Russian Federation.
Previously, Art. 15 of the Patent Law of Russian Federation No. 3517-1 required individuals with permanent residence outside the Russian Federation or foreign legal entities or their patent attorneys shall deal with the Federal executive authority on intellectual property through patent attorneys, registered with the Federal executive authority on intellectual property. This Article was replaced on 1 January 2008 by Part IV of the Civil Code.

The Russian government has adopted a decree that will allow local companies and individuals to use inventions, utility models, and industrial designs held by owners from “unfriendly countries” without their consent and without paying any compensation. This includes, among others, all members of the European Union and the United States.
The decree is based on art. 1360 of the Russian Civil Code, which allows the government to use inventions, utility models and industrial designs without the consent of the patent holder when extreme needs of national defence and security or protection of life or public health justify this.