The Belgian state owns 53.51% of the shares of incumbent telecommunications company Proximus, formerly Belgacom.

It is reported that Belgium does not mandate functional or accounting separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market.

It is reported that the Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications, the executive authority for the supervision and administration of services in the telecommunications sector, is independent from the government in the decision-making process.

All incoming and outgoing invoices must be stored on Belgian territory for seven years. However, invoices which are stored electronically and which guarantee full online access to the data concerned in Belgium may be stored in another Member State of the European Union on condition that the fiscal administration is informed of this in advance (Art. 60 of the VAT Code). Moreover, taxpayers who are not established in Belgium must provide a Belgian address to the authorities where books, (copies of) invoices and other documents can be provided upon the request of the authorities (Art. 61, § 1 of the VAT Code). This also applies to digital documents.

Arts. 315 and 315 bis of the Income Tax Code require that the books and records necessary to determine the amount of taxable income must be kept by companies for seven years following the taxable period. The documentation must be kept in the taxpayer's professional or private premises where the administration can carry out the necessary inspection.

According to Title 1, Chapter 3 of Book XI of the Belgian Code of Economic Law (Art. XI.62), natural persons and legal entities who do not have a residence or actual establishment in an EU Member State must be represented by an authorised agent when appearing for the Invention Patent Office to file a request for a Belgian patent.

Belgium is a signatory of the Patent Cooperation Treaty.

There is no general principle for the use of copyright-protected material comparable to the fair use/fair dealing principles. Directive 2001/29/EC defines an optional but exhaustive set of limitations from the author´s exclusive rights under the control of the “three-step test” in line with the Berne Convention that establishes three cumulative conditions to the limitations and exceptions of a copyright holder’s rights. The Directive has been transposed by Member States with significant freedom.
The Belgian economic code (Title 5 or Book XI) includes various exceptions to copyright. They only apply to lawfully published work. The interpretation is restrictive and follows the three-step test, although it is not literally incorporated into Belgian copyright law.

Belgium and the European Union have adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty. Belgium ratified the Treaty on 30 May 2006, with its provisions coming into force on 30 August 2006. Subsequently, the European Union ratified the Treaty on 14 December 2009, and it entered into effect on 14 March 2010.

Belgium and the European Union have adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty. Belgium ratified the Treaty on 30 May 2006, with its provisions coming into force on 30 August 2006. Subsequently, the European Union ratified the Treaty on 14 December 2009, and it entered into effect on 14 March 2010.

The Directive 2016/943 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) is key in harmonising national laws concerning trade secrets. In Belgium, the Directive has been transposed by the Law on the Protection of Trade Secrets (2018).

It is reported that in the Belgian market, passive infrastructure sharing is mandated both in mobile and fixed sectors. In addition, Directive 2014/61/EU (Art. 3.2) establishes that Member States shall ensure that, upon written request of an undertaking providing or authorised to provide public communications networks, any network operator must meet all reasonable requests for access to its physical infrastructure under fair and reasonable terms and conditions, including price, with a view to deploying elements of high-speed electronic communications networks. Such written request shall specify the elements of the project for which the access is requested, including a specific time frame.

In March 2023, Belgium banned TikTok from all federal government work devices, citing concerns over cybersecurity, privacy, and misinformation. According to the Prime Minister, the decision was based on warnings from the national security council regarding the risks associated with TikTok's data collection practices and the company's obligation to cooperate with Chinese intelligence services. In response, TikTok expressed disappointment, stating that the ban was implemented without citing specific security concerns or consulting the company.