It is reported that there is no obligation for passive infrastructure sharing in Pakistan to deliver telecom services to end users. However, it is practised in both the mobile and fixed sectors based on commercial agreements.

Pakistan is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

In June 2021, the Pakistani National Tariff Commission imposed a definitive anti-dumping duty for a period of five years on imports of phthalic anhydride (HS code: 291735) from China, Chinese Taipei, the Republic of Korea and Russia. This product is used in the production of flexible PVC products such as cables. The duty imposed on imports originating from China is 11.12%, from the Republic of Korea ranges from 9.57% to 14.82%, from Chinese Taipei ranges from 14.94% to 24.61%, and from Russia is 16.31%.

New Zealand has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

The export of goods in the New Zealand Strategic Goods List is prohibited unless an exporter has approval from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. The goods on the list are derived from the control lists produced by the four export control regimes New Zealand belongs to - the Wassenaar Arrangement, the Australia Group, the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Missile Technology Control Regime. The Strategic Goods List includes technology, software, as well as military and dual-use goods. The list was promulgated in 2019 and was last amended in 2021 including additional goods.

Under Art. 13.1 of the Russia Sanctions Regulations 2022, New Zealand prohibits the export, either directly or indirectly, to or for the benefit of Russia or Belarus, of assets listed in Schedule 3, which are classified under specific Harmonised System codes. These include various electronic and data processing equipment such as portable automatic data processing machines (e.g., laptops), processors and units for data processing machines (e.g., desktop computers and servers), and other related machines and accessories (e.g., input/output units, storage units, monitors, and printers). The regulation also covers semiconductor devices (e.g., diodes, transistors, integrated circuits) and electronic micro-assemblies used in complex systems.

Self-certification is permitted for radio transmission, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Foreign companies are authorised to self-certify compliance with these standards through a Supplier Declaration of Conformity (SDoC). Registration of the equipment with the regulatory authority is not required, nor is testing by an accredited laboratory mandatory. In cases where testing is conducted, the selection of the testing laboratory is at the discretion of the supplier or manufacturer.
It is further noted that suppliers may undertake these procedures; however, for Group 2 ISM equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment (TTE), the testing facility must be accredited by International Accreditation New Zealand (IANZ) or by an accreditation body with a mutual recognition arrangement with IANZ.
For some high-risk products, the government may require approval from a recognised organisation or agency before they can be supplied in the country.
Radiocommunications (Compliance) Notice 2020 describes the different levels of conformity for products, including the level of testing and documentation as well as product labelling requirements. It also describes the requirements for the Declaration of Conformity.
Radiocommunications (Radio Standards) Notice 2020 describes the performance standards required to be met by different classes of radio products. The notice also assigns the level of conformity applied to the products covered by each standard.
Radiocommunications (EMC Standards) Notice 2019 describes the performance standards required to be met by electrical and electronic products (other than licensed radio transmitters covered by the Radio Standards Notice).
New Zealand has a mutual recognition agreement with Australia, which provides some SDoC exemptions. Products supplied in accordance with the Radiocommunications Regulations (Mutual Recognition: Australia) Notice 2008 do not need to have a New Zealand declaration of conformity.

Under the Telecommunications (Interception Capability and Security) Act (TICSA), the Government Communications Security Bureau (GSCB) may identify and address, prevent, mitigate, or remove network security risks which may arise. To deploy a 5G network, a company must receive approval from a national security assessment by GSCB. In 2020, the GSBC lifted a policy that prevented Spark from using Huawei's 5G equipment due to "a significant network security risk." New Zealand network operators such as Spark and Vodafone have partnered with Nokia rather than risking a partnership with Huawei since then.

According to Art. 70 of the Customs and Excise Amendment Regulations (No 2) 2019, as of 1 December 2019, the de minimis threshold, that is, the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is NZD 1,000 (approx. USD 600), above the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

The Fair Trading Amendment Act 2013 and the Consumer Guarantees Act provide a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions. The Fair Trading Act prohibits misleading and deceptive conduct in trade and requires certain disclosures to be made to consumers in some cases. In addition, the Consumer Guarantee Act establishes remedies and protections for consumers against suppliers and manufacturers of goods and services.

New Zealand has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

New Zealand has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

The Privacy Act 2020 provides a comprehensive regime of data protection in New Zealand. It repeals and replaces the Privacy Act 1993 and contains 13 Information Privacy Principles (IPP) that govern the use of personal information in the country. The Act requires agencies to appoint at least one privacy officer, report data breaches that cause or are likely to cause serious harm, and provide data subjects with both the right to access and the right to request correction of their personal information. In addition, the new IPP 12 provides that an organisation or business may only disclose personal information to an agency outside of New Zealand if the receiving agency is subject to similar safeguards to those in the Act. Furthermore, the Act introduces new criminal penalties, punishable with fines of up to NZD 10,000 (approx. USD 6,000) and allows the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of New Zealand to issue compliance notices and enforceable access directions.

The Privacy Act 2020 provides that "[a]n agency must appoint as privacy officers for the agency one or more individuals" (Section 201).