In Argentina, trade secrets are protected by the provisions of Art. 156 of the Criminal Code, Law 24,766 and Emergency Decree 274/2019, establishing a comprehensive protection regime for trade secrets.

There is an obligation for passive infrastructure sharing to deliver telecom services to end users. The sharing of passive infrastructure is regulated by different rules, among which the Passive Infrastructure Sharing Regulation, approved as an Annex to Resolution No. 105/2020 of the former Secretariat of Public Innovation, stands out. Moreover, passive infrastructure sharing is practised in the mobile and fixed sectors.

Art. 2 of Chapter II of Law 27,437 states that a preference for goods of national origin is granted when the amount of the selection procedure is equal or superior to the threshold of Decree 1,023/2001 (Art. 25.d.1 and its complementary provisions), which is reported to be around 8 million Argentine Pesos (approx. USD 66,000). The margin of preference for goods of domestic origin is 15% for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and cooperatives listed in the National Institute of Partnerships and Social Economy of the Ministry of Social Development and 8% for other enterprises providing identical or similar services under cash payment terms. If the bids are all from companies of foreign origin, a margin of preference of 1% is granted for every five percentage-point share of the gross production value of the covered goods, which is locally integrated, up to a maximum margin of preference of 8%. Decree No. 800/2018 is the implementing Decree of Law 27,437.

Arts. 2-3 of Law No. 25.750 stipulate that foreign equity ownership in Internet service providers may not exceed 30%. This limit may be exceeded in the event of a reciprocity agreement. In addition, Art. 13 of Law No. 27.078 provides that ENACOM (Ente Nacional de Comunicaciones, National Communications Entity) must approve any proposed changes to shareholdings or partnership interests in companies in this sector if such changes would affect the control of the company.

Law 27,328 establishes that at least 33% of the goods and services used in public-private partnership contracts must be provided by local companies.

According to Law 26,092, the state-owned Empresa Argentina de Soluciones Satelitales S.A. (ARSAT S.A.) operates the federal fibre optic (backbone) network (ReFeFo) and provides retail fibre optic and satellite communication services. ARSAT acts as both a satellite operator and a reseller of satellite capacity to third parties. The company holds exclusive rights to operate and commercialise geostationary orbital position 81W in Ku-band (North and South America) and C-band (hemispheric coverage). The regulator for the telecommunications sector, the National Entity for Communications (ENACOM), allocates frequency bands to ARSAT directly and not through auctions. In 2019, it was decided that the frequencies not used by ARSAT would be put up for auction. However, the auctions have not yet been held. As a result, the State still maintains a monopoly over fibre optic wholesale and satellite communication services.

Argentina gives preference to MSMEs in public procurement procedures through the Compremipyme Programme. Under Art. 39 of Law No. 25,300, establishing the Programme, the jurisdictions and entities of the national public sector should apply a 5% preference right to tenders from MSMEs supplying goods or services produced in the country for purposes of comparing them with the best tender and awarding the goods or services contract to such enterprises. The Programme also stipulates a minimum preference rate of 10% in tenders or bids for the procurement of goods and services in which only MSMEs are competing. Furthermore, Art. 40 authorises the Executive to consider partial bids in order to facilitate and increase the participation of MSMEs in tenders and bids for the procurement of goods and services in quantities in line with their scale of production.

The Empresa Argentina de Soluciones Satelitales S.A. (ARSAT) is an Argentine state-owned company that belongs to the government of the Argentine Republic. The company was created in 2006 by Law No. 26,092; it operates the federal fibre optic network (ReFeFo) and provides retail fibre optic and satellite communications services. According to Art. 8 of Law 27,208, 51% of ARSAT belongs to the Argentine State, while the remaining 49% is private.

Argentina is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

In April 2009, the Argentine authorities decided to impose a definitive anti-dumping duty under Resolution No. 106/2009 on imports of electrical connection terminals (HS codes 8536.1000, 8536.5090 and 8536.9090) from China and Germany. This measure was reviewed and extended in September 2015 and subsequently in July 2021 for a period of five years. The rate of duty on imports from China is 208% of the FOB price. The duty rate on imports from Germany is 138% of the FOB price for a period of 5 years.

Angola lacks a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that applies to online transactions.

Angola has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Angola has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Angola has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.