Database

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MONGOLIA

N/A

Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition  |  Indicator Passive infrastructure sharing obligation
Lack of obligation to share passive infrastructure
There is no obligation for passive infrastructure sharing in Mongolia to deliver telecom services to end users. However, it is practiced in the mobile sector and in the fixed sector based on commercial agreements.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

MONGOLIA

Reported in 2021, last reported in 2024

Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition  |  Indicator Presence of shares owned by the government in telecom companies
Presence of shares owned by the government in the telecom sector
The leading companies in Mongolia’s telecommunications sector include state-owned and state-dominated entities such as the Information Communication Network Company (NETcom) and Mongolian Telecom (officially, Mongolian Telecommunications Corporation JSC). The government fully owns NETcom, which operates the country’s integrated fibre optic cable network. It also holds a 94.7% stake in Mongolian Telecom, with the remaining 5.3% owned by a mix of foreign and domestic individuals and legal entities.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

MONGOLIA

N/A

Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition  |  Indicator Functional/accounting separation for operators with significant market power
Lack of mandatory functional and accounting separation for dominant network operators
Mongolia does not mandate functional or accounting separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

MONGOLIA

N/A

Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition  |  Indicator Signature of the WTO Telecom Reference Paper
Lack of appendment of WTO Telecom Reference Paper to schedule of commitments
Mongolia has appended the World Trade Organization (WTO) Telecom Reference Paper to its schedule of commitments.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

MONGOLIA

Reported in 2022, last reported in 2025

Pillar Telecom infrastructure & competition  |  Indicator Presence of an independent telecom authority
Presence of an independent telecom authority
It is reported that the Communications Regulatory Commission, the executive authority for the supervision and administration of services in the telecommunications sector, is independent from the government in the decision-making process.
Coverage Telecommunications sector

MONGOLIA

N/A

Pillar Public procurement of ICT goods and online services  |  Indicator Signatory of the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) with coverage of the most relevant services sectors (CPC 752, 754, 84)
Lack of participation in the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA)
Mongolia is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA); however, it holds observer status since February 1999.
Coverage Horizontal

MONGOLIA

Since October 2013, entry into force in November 2013, last amended in January 2025

Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade  |  Indicator Maximum foreign equity share
Law on Investment (МОНГОЛ УЛСЫН ХУУЛЬ ХӨРӨНГӨ ОРУУЛАЛТЫН ТУХАЙ)
There are no restrictions on foreign ownership in sectors pertinent to digital trade. Under the Law on Investment, foreign investors are granted access to the same investment opportunities as Mongolian citizens and are afforded the same legal protections as domestic investors.
Coverage Horizontal

MONGOLIA

Since October 2013, entry into force in November 2013, last amended in January 2025

Pillar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade  |  Indicator Screening of investment and acquisitions
Law on Investment (МОНГОЛ УЛСЫН ХУУЛЬ ХӨРӨНГӨ ОРУУЛАЛТЫН ТУХАЙ)
Art. 3.1.5 of the Law on Investment mandates that foreign investors must make a minimum investment of USD 100,000, or its equivalent in tugrik, to establish a business entity. This requirement applies to enterprises in which foreign ownership exceeds 25%. Conversely, Mongolian investors are not subject to any minimum investment threshold.
Coverage Horizontal

MONGOLIA

Since May 2021, last amended in January 2024

Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)  |  Indicator Practical or legal restrictions related to the application process for patents
Law on Patents (Патентын тухай хууль)
Art. 15.3 of the Law on Patents stipulates that a foreign citizen, stateless person, or foreign legal entity that does not reside permanently in Mongolia or is not engaged in activities within the country must be represented by an intellectual property agent when submitting an application for a patent for an invention or utility model. Moreover, Pursuant to Art. 16.3, applications for patents of invention and utility models must be submitted in the Mongolian language.
Coverage Horizontal

MONGOLIA

Reported in 2022, last reported in 2025

Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)  |  Indicator Practical or legal restrictions related to the enforcement of patents
Reported practical limitations in patent enforcement
It is reported that patent protection is limited, and it may be excessively complex and costly for rights holders.
Coverage Horizontal

MONGOLIA

Since May 1991

Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)  |  Indicator Participation in the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
Mongolia is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).
Coverage Horizontal

MONGOLIA

Since May 2021, last amended in January 2024

Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)  |  Indicator Copyright law with clear exceptions
Law of Mongolia on Copyrights (МОНГОЛ УЛСЫН ХУУЛЬ ЗОХИОГЧИЙН ЭРХИЙН ТУХАЙ)
The Law on Copyright establishes a clear fair use regime. Art. 38 outlines specific circumstances under which the use of copyrighted works—without interfering with their normal exploitation and without prejudicing the rights and legitimate interests of right holders—shall not be considered copyright infringement. Arts. 39 to 46 further detail the conditions under which partial use of works is permitted, including for purposes such as news reporting, academic research, and teaching.
Coverage Horizontal

MONGOLIA

Reported in 2022, last reported in 2025

Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)  |  Indicator Enforcement of copyright online
Reported prevalence of software piracy
Reports indicate that the widespread use of pirated software is prevalent among Mongolian government ministries, individual consumers, and businesses.
Coverage Horizontal

MONGOLIA

Since October 2002

Pillar Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)  |  Indicator Adoption of the WIPO Copyright Treaty
WIPO Copyright Treaty
Mongolia has adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty. The treaty was signed on 20 December 1996, ratified on 25 July 2002 and came into effect on 25 October 2002.
Coverage Horizontal
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[{"post_id":"109113"},{"post_id":"109114"},{"post_id":"109115"}]
"SELECT meta_value FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'impact' AND\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'country' AND meta_value = 'MN')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAND (\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.1') OR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpost_id IN (SELECT post_id FROM prj_12_postmeta WHERE meta_key = 'subchapter' AND meta_value = '1.2')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t)"
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ITA: [{"meta_value":"1.00"}]

MONGOLIA

ITA signatory? I II

Pillar Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods  |  Indicator Effective tariff rate on ICT goods (applied weighted average)
Effective tariff rate to ICT goods (applied weighted average)
4.26%
Coverage rate of zero-tariffs on ICT goods (%)
9.41%
Coverage: ICT goods

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