Mongolia does not mandate functional or accounting separation for operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecom market.

Mongolia has appended the World Trade Organization (WTO) Telecom Reference Paper to its schedule of commitments.

It is reported that the Communications Regulatory Commission, the executive authority for the supervision and administration of services in the telecommunications sector, is independent from the government in the decision-making process.

It is reported that specific financial data subject to data localisation requirements cannot be transmitted internationally.

Section 3 of the "Regulation on Technical Requirements for Processing Sensitive, Biometric, and Genetic Data" sets out the requirements for servers processing sensitive personal information. Among other stipulations, it mandates that the server be physically located within Mongolia and accessible exclusively from within Mongolia.
Pursuant to Section 1, the objective of this Regulation is to establish the principles and technological security requirements governing the processing of sensitive personal data, as well as genetic and biometric data, as stipulated in Arts. 9 and 10 of the Law on the Protection of Personal Data.

Art. 3.1.5 of the Law on Investment mandates that foreign investors must make a minimum investment of USD 100,000, or its equivalent in tugrik, to establish a business entity. This requirement applies to enterprises in which foreign ownership exceeds 25%. Conversely, Mongolian investors are not subject to any minimum investment threshold.

Art. 15.3 of the Law on Patents stipulates that a foreign citizen, stateless person, or foreign legal entity that does not reside permanently in Mongolia or is not engaged in activities within the country must be represented by an intellectual property agent when submitting an application for a patent for an invention or utility model. Moreover, Pursuant to Art. 16.3, applications for patents of invention and utility models must be submitted in the Mongolian language.

It is reported that patent protection is limited, and it may be excessively complex and costly for rights holders.

Mongolia is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

The Law on Copyright establishes a clear fair use regime. Art. 38 outlines specific circumstances under which the use of copyrighted works—without interfering with their normal exploitation and without prejudicing the rights and legitimate interests of right holders—shall not be considered copyright infringement. Arts. 39 to 46 further detail the conditions under which partial use of works is permitted, including for purposes such as news reporting, academic research, and teaching.

Reports indicate that the widespread use of pirated software is prevalent among Mongolian government ministries, individual consumers, and businesses.

Mongolia has adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty. The treaty was signed on 20 December 1996, ratified on 25 July 2002 and came into effect on 25 October 2002.

Mongolia is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).