Art. 3.1.5 of the Law on Investment mandates that foreign investors must make a minimum investment of USD 100,000, or its equivalent in tugrik, to establish a business entity. This requirement applies to enterprises in which foreign ownership exceeds 25%. Conversely, Mongolian investors are not subject to any minimum investment threshold.

Art. 15.3 of the Law on Patents stipulates that a foreign citizen, stateless person, or foreign legal entity that does not reside permanently in Mongolia or is not engaged in activities within the country must be represented by an intellectual property agent when submitting an application for a patent for an invention or utility model. Moreover, Pursuant to Art. 16.3, applications for patents of invention and utility models must be submitted in the Mongolian language.

It is reported that patent protection is limited, and it may be excessively complex and costly for rights holders.

Mongolia is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

The Law on Copyright establishes a clear fair use regime. Art. 38 outlines specific circumstances under which the use of copyrighted works—without interfering with their normal exploitation and without prejudicing the rights and legitimate interests of right holders—shall not be considered copyright infringement. Arts. 39 to 46 further detail the conditions under which partial use of works is permitted, including for purposes such as news reporting, academic research, and teaching.

Myanmar has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Myanmar has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

Myanmar has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

The Law on Standardisation Art. 9 allows foreign departments or organisations to issue a certificate of standard certification and quality recommendation by applying to the department assigned to perform in the matter of standardisation by the Ministry of Science and Technology.

Section 3 of Letter No. Ma Ba Bha-1/107 (939/2024), issued by the Central Bank of Myanmar, stipulates the transaction limits applicable to government and private payments conducted through digital payment systems for retail transactions, namely that person-to-person (P2P) payments are subject to a maximum of MMK 1,000,000 (approx. USD 476) per transaction and an aggregate daily limit of MMK 5,000,000 (approx. USD 2,381); person-to-merchant (P2M) payments, including those involving gold shops, electronics retailers, construction material suppliers, and healthcare centres, are subject to a maximum permissible amount of MMK 10,000,000 (approx. USD 4,762) per day; and the maximum balance permitted in a mobile money account is MMK 10,000,000 (approx. USD 4,762), with any excess required to be transferred to a linked bank account on a daily basis.

According to Art. 26 of the Financial Institutions Law, only local banks are allowed to take part in banking and financial services, including online banking and financial services.

It is reported that the Central Bank of Myanmar (CBM) imposes foreign exchange restrictions that limit private sector access to foreign currency, thereby constraining commercial activity. In practice, the transfer of funds into or out of Myanmar is subject to severe restrictions arising from the capital outflow controls and foreign currency conversion regulations enforced by the CBM and the Foreign Exchange Supervisory Committee (FESC).

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 87, below the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

It is reported that certain requirements apply to the registration of a ".mm" domain. However, the information currently available online relates to the second-level domains ".com.mm", ".net.mm", ".org.mm", and ".biz.mm". To register a domain under these extensions, the registrant is required to have a company or subsidiary incorporated in Myanmar.

The Consumer Protection Law, the Law on Electronic Transactions, and related legislative instruments establish a comprehensive framework for consumer protection, which extends to transactions conducted online.