Russia is not a party to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). However, the country has been an observer of the WTO GPA since 2013.

Under Art. 2 of Federal Law No. 57, foreign states, international organisations, and entities under their control — including those established in Russia — are prohibited from entering into transactions that would grant them a majority interest in business entities deemed strategically important for national defence and state security. Consequently, foreign state-controlled investors are restricted from acquiring more than 50% of shares or majority voting rights in such companies.
According to Art. 6 of the law business strategically important for national defence and state security include those involved in the development and production of encryption tools, maintenance of cryptographic systems, and provision of encryption services, as well as activities such as detecting covert information-gathering devices.

Art. 19.1 of the Law on Mass Media stipulates that, unless otherwise provided by an international treaty of the Russian Federation, a foreign state, an international organisation, or an organisation under their control; a foreign legal entity; a Russian legal entity in which foreign participation in the authorised capital exceeds 20%; a foreign national; a stateless person; or a citizen of the Russian Federation who also holds the citizenship of another state, whether acting individually or jointly, shall not be entitled to exercise ownership, managerial influence, or control, whether directly or indirectly (including through controlled persons or by the collective holding of more than 20% of shares or participation interests), over more than 20% of the shares or participation interests in the authorised (share) capital of a legal entity that is a participant (member or shareholder) of the founder of a mass media outlet, the editorial office of a mass media outlet, or an organisation (legal entity) engaged in broadcasting.
For the purposes of the Law, Art. 2 defines a mass media outlet as a periodical printed publication, an online publication, a television channel, a radio channel, a television programme, a radio programme, a video programme, a newsreel programme, or any other form of periodic dissemination of mass information issued under a permanent title (name).

According to Art. 6 of Federal Law No. 160-FZ (amended in 2017), transactions involving Russian business entities by foreign investors require prior approval under Art. 57 of Federal Law No. 57 on "Procedures for Foreign Investments in Companies Having Strategic Importance for National Security and Defence". This law aims to safeguard national defence and security interests. Following the 2017 amendments, the Government Commission for Control over Foreign Investments, as outlined in Art. 12 of Federal Law No. 57, has the authority to impose additional conditions on foreign investors seeking approval for transactions deemed critical to protect national defence and state security.

Arts. 6 and 7 of Federal Law No. 57-FZ specify that preliminary approval is required for certain transactions related to the acquisition of shares in entities deemed of strategic importance. These entities include companies involved in the development and production of encryption tools, maintenance of cryptographic systems, and provision of encryption services.
Additionally, pursuant to Art. 14 of Federal Law No. 57-FZ and the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 795, foreign investors must notify the Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) of any transaction enabling the acquisition of 5% or more of shares or interests in such strategic entities. This notification must be submitted within 45 days of the transaction's closure.

Russia is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996 but is not a signatory of its 2015 expansion (ITA II).

It is reported that the Eurasian Economic Union, which includes the Russian Federation, imposed definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of aluminium strip (HS code subheadings 7606.11.91.00, 7606.12.20.09 and 7606.12.92.09) originating in Azerbaijan and China on 24 October 2020. The duty rate applicable to imports from Azerbaijan was set at 16.18%, while the corresponding rate for imports from China was established at 13.14%. On 17 October 2025, the Eurasian Economic Union published a notice extending the application of these definitive duties until 29 June 2026. These products are used to manufacture components of ICT goods, such as heat sinks, printed circuit boards (PCBs), charging cables, HDMI cables, and displays.

According to Art. 14.3 of the Federal Law No. 44-FZ, the Government can establish a ban on the admission of goods, works and services originating from foreign states and impose restrictions on the admission of these goods, works, and services, including the minimum mandatory share of purchases of Russian goods in order to protect the foundations of the constitutional system, ensure the country's defence and state security, protect the internal market of the Russian Federation, develop the national economy, and support Russian producers.

In January 2016, through Government Decree No. 968, Russia implemented a ban on procuring 113 types of foreign-made radio-electronic products and components for state and municipal needs, provided there are at least two bids for similar items manufactured in Russia or a member state of the Eurasian Economic Union. This list was significantly reduced in August 2020, when Government Resolution No. 878 limited the restrictions to 13 types of foreign-made radio-electronic products and components. The most recent amendments to this list were introduced in December 2023 through the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2094, "On Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation."

Government Decree No. 1746 of December 2019, "On establishing a prohibition on the admission of certain types of goods originating from foreign countries, and amending certain acts of the government of the Russian Federation", puts in place a two-year prohibition on the procurement of almost all types of memory storage devices from foreign states for governmental and municipal needs, except for data storage systems included in the unified state register of Russian radio-electronic devices.

Decree No. 1236 restricts the procurement of foreign software, mandating that only Russian software may be used for state and municipal orders. Exceptions to this rule are permitted only when Russian software is unavailable or fails to meet specific criteria, allowing organisations to procure software from foreign providers in such cases.

It is reported that, effective January 2022, procuring entities in Russia are mandated to allocate no less than 25% of their total annual procurement volume to small businesses and socially oriented non-commercial organisations. These preferential allocations are detailed in procurement notices and documentation, although this information is not accessible online. Despite this lack of transparency, the prioritisation of locally produced technologies, digital goods, and services has been a consistent focus of Russian policy. Since 2015, sector-specific regulations have reinforced this approach. These include the Resolution No. 1442 of 24 December 2015 "On procurement of innovative products, high-tech products certain types of legal entities and amending certain Acts of the Russian Federation" (Постановление Правительства РФ от 25 декабря 2015 г. N 1442 "О закупках инновационной продукции, высокотехнологичной продукции отдельными видами юридических лиц и внесении изменений в отдельные акты Правительства Российской Федерации"), which establishes procedures for determining the annual volume of purchases by State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) of innovative and high-tech products, including minimum purchasing requirements from SMEs. Furthermore, Resolution No. 717 of 2016 identified 135 SOEs subject to these minimum SME purchasing mandates.

Ministry of Economic Development's Decision No. 155 grants preferences of 15% (30% in case of radio-electronic equipment) in relation to the contract price in public procurement auctions and tenders to participants who propose to supply goods originating from Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries. The Decision was later replaced by Decision No. 126 of the Ministry of Finance in June 2018, which contains a similar provision with regard to price preference to EAEU countries.

Libya has enacted national legislation influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures, namely Law No. 6 of 2022 on Electronic Transactions.