Art. 6 of the "Administrative Provisions on Foreign‑funded Telecommunications Enterprises" stipulates that, unless otherwise prescribed by the State, the aggregate equity held by foreign investor(s) in a foreign‑funded telecommunications enterprise engaged in basic telecommunications services, excluding radio paging services, may not ultimately exceed 49%, and the "Classification Catalogue of Telecommunications Services" identifies all categories of basic telecommunications services that fall within the scope of this restriction.

China is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996 and its 2015 expansion (ITA II).

In April 2007, the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China announced anti-dumping duties on electrolytic capacitor paper (HS 480511, 480591) imported from Japan. This measure was revised and extended in April 2013, and then in April 2019 and in April 2025. The rate of duty imposed ranges from 15% to 40.83%, depending on the company. Electrolytic capacitor paper is used in an aluminum electrolytic capacitor that is a component of home electric appliances, computers, and more. This paper is used to retain electrolytic solution and insulation between the cathode foil and anode foil as main functions.

In August 2014, the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China (MOFCOM) announced anti-dumping duties on single-mode optical fibres imported from India. In August 2020, the MOFCOM reported that it would continue to impose antidumping duties for another five years (until August 2025). The rate of duty imposed ranges from 7.4% to 30.6%, depending on the company. China’s Ministry of Commerce announced that on 14 August 2025 it had initiated an expiry review of the existing measures, during which the Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council will maintain the anti‑dumping duties without modification, thereby leaving both the scope of application and the duty rates unchanged.

China imposes anti-dumping duties on optical fibre preforms imported from Japan and the United States, with current rates of 14.4%-31.2% for Japanese products and 17.4%-41.7% for those from the United States. The measures were first introduced in August 2015 for two years, extended in 2018 for a further five years, and renewed again in July 2024 for an additional five-year period. Optical fibre preforms are a key input in the manufacture of optical fibres, which are used to transmit signals through various types of optical cables.

In January 2005, the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China announced anti-dumping duties on non-displacement single-mode optical fibres (used, for example, for long-distance telephony and multichannel television broadcasting systems) (HS code: 9001.1000) imported from Japan and South Korea. This measure was reviewed and extended in January 2011 and, subsequently, in January 2017 and January 2022. The rate of duty imposed on imports originating in Japan is 46%, while imports originating in South Korea range from 7.9% to 46%, depending on the company.

In April 2011, the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China announced anti-dumping duties on non-displacement single-mode optical fibres (used, for example, for long-distance telephony and multichannel television broadcasting systems) (HS code: 9001.1000) imported from the EU and the U.S. This measure was reviewed and extended in April 2017 and, subsequently in April 2022. The duty rate on imports originating from the European Union ranges from 12.9% to 29.1%, depending on the company. The duty rate on imports originating from the United States ranges from 33.3% to 78.2%, depending on the company.

Japan has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

Japan has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

The type of conformity assessment procedure adopted is the Supplier's Declaration of Conformity (SDoC) type 2 - the supplier or manufacturer of the equipment declares the equipment meets the technical and administrative requirements on the basis of test reports by a testing laboratory recognised by the regulator. No registration of the equipment with the regulator is required. This mandatory requirement is limited to EMI for the products covered by the Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law.
The Act divides electrical products into specified and non-specified products. While specified electrical products such as AC adapters and electric massagers require third-party assessment by a registered conformity assessment body (CAB), non-specified electrical products are subject to a self-declaration scheme for mandatory PSE marks.
Similarly, under the Consumer Product Safety Act (Act No. 31 of 1968), some electrical products classified as special specified products because of high risk to consumer safety require a third-party assessment by a registered CAB, while specified products with moderate risk to consumer safety are subject to self-declaration for PSC mark.

As stipulated in Art. 14.18 of the Customs Tariff Act, the imports of goods with a total customs value of JPY 10,000 (approx. USD 67) or less are exempt from customs duties. This amount is below the USD 200 threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

It is reported that the ".JP" domain name registration framework stipulates the necessity of a local contact address.

The "Act on Specified Commercial Transactions", the "Consumer Contract Act", the "Act on the Protection of Consumers Who Use Digital Platforms for Shopping", together with several other statutes, establish a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that extends to online transactions.

Japan has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.