Art. 14.1 of the Law on Personal Data Protection prohibits the transfer of personal data to an individual, legal entity, or international organisation in a foreign country, except as permitted by law and international treaties of Mongolia or with the explicit consent of the data subject.

Art. 15.3 of the Law on Patents stipulates that a foreign citizen, stateless person, or foreign legal entity that does not reside permanently in Mongolia or is not engaged in activities within the country must be represented by an intellectual property agent when submitting an application for a patent for an invention or utility model. Moreover, Pursuant to Art. 16.3, applications for patents of invention and utility models must be submitted in the Mongolian language.

Mongolia has not joined any agreement with binding commitments to open transfers of data across borders. Art. 9.12.5 of the Agreement between Japan and Mongolia for an Economic Partnership, which entered into force in 2016, merely acknowledges the importance of maintaining cross-border information flows as a fundamental component of a dynamic electronic commerce environment. In addition, Art. 9.10 stipulates that neither party shall require: (a) a service supplier of the other party; (b) an investor of the other party; or (c) an investment of an investor of the other party within the territory of the former party, as a condition for conducting its business in that territory, to use or establish computing facilities in that area. This provision does not preclude either party from adopting or maintaining measures regulating the use or location of computing facilities where necessary to achieve a legitimate public policy objective, provided that such measures are not applied in a manner that constitutes arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade.

It is reported that patent protection is limited, and it may be excessively complex and costly for rights holders.

Mongolia is a party to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).

The Law on Copyright establishes a clear fair use regime. Art. 38 outlines specific circumstances under which the use of copyrighted works—without interfering with their normal exploitation and without prejudicing the rights and legitimate interests of right holders—shall not be considered copyright infringement. Arts. 39 to 46 further detail the conditions under which partial use of works is permitted, including for purposes such as news reporting, academic research, and teaching.

Reports indicate that the widespread use of pirated software is prevalent among Mongolian government ministries, individual consumers, and businesses.

Mongolia has adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty. The treaty was signed on 20 December 1996, ratified on 25 July 2002 and came into effect on 25 October 2002.

Mongolia has adopted the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty. The treaty was signed on 20 December 1996, ratified on 25 July 2002 and came into effect on 25 October 2002.

Mongolia is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

Art. 8.1 of the "Revised Law on Procurement of Goods, Works, and Services with State and Local Property Funds" stipulates that tender documents must specify that goods meeting the requisite quality and standard requirements, where available through domestic production, shall be procured from domestic manufacturers. Similarly, Art. 10 of the now-repealed "Law on Procurement of Goods, Works, and Services with State and Local Property Funds" contained a comparable provision, which explicitly prohibited the inclusion of foreign suppliers in the tender selection process when domestically produced goods met the established quality and standard criteria.
The list of products reserved for local companies is found in Annex to Government Resolution No. 90. This includes all types of electrical connection tools and equipment, including collectors, connectors, switches, converters, meters, transformers, distributors, isolators, and control panels.

Pursuant to Art. 8.3 of the "Revised Law on Procurement of Goods, Works, and Services with State and Local Property Funds", foreign entities can be excluded from tendering processes for goods with an estimated cost below MNT 1,000,000,000 (approx. USD 290,000) and for services with an estimated cost below MNT 300,000,000 (approx. USD 86,000). Similarly, Art. 9.2 of the now-repealed "Law on Procurement of Goods, Works, and Services with State and Local Property Funds" contained a comparable provision with a threshold of MNT 100,000,000 (approx. USD 29,000).

Art. 8.4 of the "Revised Law on Procurement of Goods, Works, and Services with State and Local Property Funds" stipulates that preference shall be given to participants offering domestic goods that satisfy any of the specified conditions. Additionally, Art. 8.5 states that priority shall be granted to bidders proposing the use of domestic goods in the execution of the work. Art. 8.6 establishes that, in cases where preferential treatment is applied as outlined in Arts. 8.4 and 8.5, 10% of the price of the domestic goods component shall be deducted from the tender price. If the participant is a small or medium-sized enterprise, this deduction shall be increased to 15%. Similarly, Art. 10 of the now-repealed "Law on Procurement of Goods, Works, and Services with State and Local Property Funds" also provided preferential treatment for local tenderers.