Uruguay has a copyright regime under the Law No. 9.739. However, the exceptions do not follow the fair use or fair dealing model, therefore limiting the lawful use of copyrighted work by others. Art. 45 lists the exceptions, which include the publication of works intended for teaching, excerpts, fragments of poetry, and single articles, provided that the author's name is indicated; Publication of works intended for teaching, excerpts, fragments of poetry, and single articles, provided that the author's name is indicated; dissemination of news, reports, and journalistic information as long as their exact version is maintained and their origin is expressed; among others.

Copyright is not adequately enforced online in Uruguay. It is reported that 37% of broadband households in the country consume online piracy. In addition, an estimated 56% of the population consumes illegal online streaming services, and 18% of households consume illegal pay-TV.

Uruguay has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty.

Uruguay has ratified the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Performances and Phonograms Treaty.

Uruguay lacks a comprehensive framework in place that provides effective protection of trade secrets, but there are limited measures addressing some issues related to them.
In particular, Uruguayan law protects confidential commercial information through a range of instruments, including rules on public information and administrative confidentiality, and it recognises limits on compelled disclosure of commercially sensitive information, such as trade secrets and know-how, in certain regulatory contexts.
Art. 10 of Law No. 18.381 classifies as confidential commercial, industrial, scientific, and technical information whose disclosure could harm a party’s competitive position. Moreover, Art. 14 of Law No. 18.159 provides that requests for information by the competition authority do not create an obligation to disclose trade secrets, know-how, inventions, formulas, or patents.
In addition, the Penal Code, Law No. 9.155 of contains limited provisions on the protection of secrecy. Arts. 300–302 criminalise the fraudulent access to secret public or private documents, the disclosure without just cause of secret documents obtained through fraudulent or otherwise unlawful means, and the disclosure without just cause of secrets known by reason of profession, employment or commission, where harm is caused.

It is reported that passive sharing of infrastructure in the telecom market is not mandated, though it is practised in the mobile sector based on commercial agreements. In contrast, in the fixed sector, passive sharing is neither mandated nor practised.

Pursuant to Art. 1 of Law 14,235, the National Telecommunications Administration of Uruguay (ANTEL) is a decentralised public service, and the company is fully state-owned.

Uruguay does not impose a requirement for functional separation on operators with significant market power (SMP) in the telecommunications sector. However, since 2003, operators have been subject to an obligation of accounting separation. Art. 15 of the Telecommunications Licensing Regulation provides that, as part of their service-related obligations, licensees may be required to maintain separate accounts by service where the Regulatory Unit for Communications Services (Unidad Reguladora de Servicios de Comunicaciones, URSEC) issues a general mandate for specific services or categories of licences. In addition, Art. 16 requires any licensee whose corporate purpose includes activities beyond the provision of telecommunications services to implement a system of accounting separation and cost accounting for those additional activities, in accordance with the guidelines and criteria periodically determined by URSEC.

Uruguay is not a signatory of the 1996 World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) nor the 2015 expansion (ITA II).

Pursuant to Art. 58 of the Consolidated Text on Accounting and Financial Administration (TOCAF), public procurement may apply a price preference margin in favour of goods and services that qualify as domestic.
For goods, the preference margin is 8% and it is applied to the price of domestic goods delivered to the buyer’s warehouses. The Executive Branch must determine the minimum domestic content threshold required for a good to qualify as domestic, which may not be lower than 35% of that price.
For services, the preference margin is likewise 8%, applied to the service price. Where the service includes the supply of goods, the preference margin does not apply to the portion of the price corresponding to goods that do not qualify as domestic.
Art. 58 also provides for an additional 4% preference margin (for goods and services) for companies that include in their workforce persons of African descent, persons with disabilities, and transgender persons, in accordance with the relevant legislation and regulations. This margin may be incorporated into the standard procurement specifications for supply and non-personal service contracts.
Finally, to promote production in regions with relatively lower levels of economic development, the preference margin referred to above may be increased up to 16%. The Executive Branch is responsible for setting the applicable percentage by department, taking into account average departmental income relative to the national average, and for establishing the method to verify compliance with the relevant requirements.
Decree No. 13/009 further regulates the procedural framework applicable to these preference margins. It specifies the criteria for qualifying as national, including, inter alia, the national-content threshold for goods and the relevant criteria for national services and works.

The Electronic Transactions Act provides a comprehensive consumer protection framework that also applies to online transactions. Arts. 55-57 of the law establish the minimum information a consumer has to obtain from the provider, which includes the legal name of the provider, means of contact, accurate and accessible information about the good or service, terms and conditions of the payment, a copy of the contract and any details about conditions and policies related to, privacy, withdrawal, termination, return, exchange, cancellation, refunds and electronic authentication. If the above is not provided, the consumer has 30 calendar days to rescind the contract, provided they have not received a material benefit.

Trinidad and Tobago has not signed the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Trinidad and Tobago enacted the Electronic Transactions Act, drawing upon the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

Trinidad and Tobago enacted the Electronic Transactions Act, drawing upon the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.