In December 2021, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), pursuant to subsection 38(1) of the Special Import Measures Act (SIMA), imposed a definitive anti-dumping duty on liquid dielectric transformers having a top power handling capacity equal to or greater than 3,000-kilovolt amperes (kVA) (3 megavolt amperes (MVA)), and less than 60,000-kilovolt amperes (kVA) (60 megavolt amperes (MVA)), and having a nominal high voltage rating of greater than 34.5 kilovolts (kV), whether assembled or unassembled, complete or incomplete (HS Code: 850490), originating in or exported from the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei), and the Republic of Korea. While these products are not directly used to manufacture ICT goods, they are relevant for digital trade as they are used in data centers and telecommunications facilities where servers and digital equipment are housed, playing an important role in ensuring a stable and secure power supply for digital equipment. The anti-dumping duty rate on imports from South Korea is 73.1% and the anti-dumping duty rate on imports from Taiwan is 21.3% of the export price.

Canada is a signatory of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of 1996 and its 2015 expansion (ITA II).

Panama has not adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Signatures.

Law No. 45 and Executive Decree No. 24 provide a comprehensive framework for consumer protection that also applies to online transactions. Law No. 45 regulates consumer relations and specifies consumer rights, including the responsibilities of suppliers to the consumer. The Executive Decree No. 24 also provides provisions applicable to the technological storage services and commercial services through the Internet.

Panama has signed but not ratified the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts.

Panama has adopted national legislation based on or influenced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce.

It is reported that the de minimis threshold, that is the minimum value of goods below which customs do not charge duties, is USD 100, below the 200 USD threshold recommended by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

According to the Art. 290 of the Executive Decree No. 73, all the equipment that is connected to the public network or used to carry out radioelectric emissions shall be approved for its commercialization, use and operation. The requirements are established by the Regulatory Entity in order to ensure adequate compliance with the technical specifications.
According to the Art. 93 of Law 23 of July 15, 1997, the General Direction of Standards and Industrial Technology (DGNTI) is the organization responsible for technical standardization and conformity assessment. According to the DGNTI, the document that approves a certificate of conformity shall be issued either by a certification body duly accredited under ISO/IEC 17065 or by an accreditation body with international recognition under the Multilateral Recognition Agreements of the International Accreditation Forum (IAF).
It is reported that products that use radio frequency technology require ASEP (Autoridad Nacional de los Servicios Públicos)-type approval and certification to import and commercialize in Panama and that no testing is required. However, a homologation process is necessary in order to obtain ASEP approval. Technical documents will be reviewed and validated in the approval process. The following products are signaled as requiring ASEP approval: transceivers, personal trackers, wireless microphones, mobile phones, Radio Frequency Identification equipment, radio alarms.

Arts. 88-91 of Law No. 51 provides a safe harbor that shields network operators, service providers, online trade service providers and storage service providers from responsibility.

Art. 4 of Law No. 51 establishes that mobile telephone operators, their subsidiaries and authorized agents that commercialize services with activity systems through the prepaid card modality must keep a record of the identity or general information provided by their customers who acquire a telephone unit or smart card (SIM) with such payment modality.

Arts. 88-91 of Law No. 51 provides a safe harbor that shields network operators, service providers, online trade service providers and storage service providers from responsibility. In addition, a safe harbor provision also forms a substantial part of the intellectual property chapter in the FTA entered into between the United States of America and Panama (Art. 15.11, para. 27).

The Personal Data Protection Law provides a comprehensive data protection regime. The law applies any person in charge of data processing who is domiciled in Panama and any foreign companies' ongoing commercial online activities targeting Panamanian market.

Under Art. 5 of Law No. 81, the transfer of personal data of a confidential, sensitive or restricted nature by the company responsible for the database or its custodian shall be permitted, provided that the company and/or its country of residence provide a level of protection comparable to that of Law No. 81; or if the transferring entity takes all necessary steps to ensure that the data will be protected in a manner consistent with the Law No. 81 through contracts, codes of conduct or applicable international standards. Art. 5 lists the following exemptions: when the data subject has given his/her consent; in the case of bank, money, stock market or securities transfers; when the transfer of the information is required by law or in order to comply with international treaties ratified by the Republic of Panama; and when the transfer is necessary for the conclusion or execution of a contract concluded or to be celebrated by the interested party or in their interest.

Panama has taken commitment covering cross-border data flow in the Free Trade Agreement between the United Mexican States and the Republic of Panama (Art.14.10).